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الملخص EN

Metaphor takes a great place in artistic culture as it is part of the aesthetic and conceptual values, and it combines in the same composition two different cultural worlds, the world of culture borrowed from and the world of culture to which the artist belongs.

since postmodern art is based on the principle of reproduction, the work of art is always, and in principle, a work that is reproduced, within the patterns of postmodern culture.

therefore, the researcher summarized his research problem, which revolves around the investigation of metaphor in the formation of postmodernism, through the following question: what is the formal metaphor in the formation of postmodernism? the research was divided into four chapters; the first chapter included the definition of the research problem, its importance and the need for it, the research objective and the limits of the research, as well as choosing and defining the terms contained therein.

as for the second chapter, it was divided into two sections (metaphor reading in the concept, and metaphor in contemporary European art).

it also includes indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies.

while the third chapter included the research procedures and the fourth chapter included the results of the research.

the results reached by the researcher are: 1.

the formation of postmodernism was characterized by openness and the borrowing of any given knowledge by recalling previous or contemporary art forms.

2.

the principle of reproduction represented a postmodern feature and value acquired by the artist by trying to create new systems by borrowing forms that had already been completed, to work on reproducing them by employing them in a new work.

this chapter also included the conclusions of the research, including: 1.

the change in aesthetic values led the postmodern artist to borrow previously produced forms, because what the artist is looking for is not innovative novelty, but rather to arouse surprise and shock for the recipient.

2.

nostalgia for the past, by relying on the artistic accumulation, had a role in borrowing forms of previous arts, and transforming them into an organized creative work that carries new characteristics.

it included recommendations, the most important of which are: continuous updating of the curricula of fine arts studies, as there is no systematic book that talks about contemporary art, except for the effort made by the teaching staff.

it also included the proposals, the most important of which is: a study of the connotations of metaphor in conceptual art.

then comes after the fourth chapter: index of sources.