الكوارث البيئة : المفاهيم و النظريات

الملخص EN

The growing interest of the international community in environmental disasters, increasingly frequent in recent times, made it necessary to establish a definition of these phenomena and indicators to measure the damage and losses resulting from them.

therefore, the current study aims to answer several questions, including: what is a disaster? why has it happened? how can it be measured? how can it be distinguished as a phenomenon from the rest of the phenomena? according to this study a disaster is the combination of human and material losses resulting from natural or man-made events.

it is devastating and sudden, and it affects a specific geographical area affecting a community unable to respond to it without external assistance and a disaster management.

environmental disasters are not necessarily merely natural origin.

on the contrary, they can be caused by human activity, or they can be hybrid, sparked by the interaction between natural and human factors.

this combination of factors resulted in the formulation of different theories: the theory of regional disasters, and the theory of regional disaster system, complexity theory, and disaster vulnerability theory.

the study concluded that to measure the disaster occurring in a society, several indicators can be used : the severity of the disaster, the geographical spread, the volume of foreign aid, and the type of disaster management.