فلسفة الجزاء العقابي في الفكر المصري القديم

الملخص EN

The ancient Egyptian believed in power of Gods to reward the virtuous person in the day of judgment in the afterlife, and bring misery to unfair people.

Therefore, the idea of sanctional pinalty cropped up and varied between social, legal and divine.

It was obligatory to highlight the set of rules and vitues of criminal law, and clarify the interests it must protect.

One of the crucial achievements in this research was the importance of applying the instructions of Maat the justice goddess, Wise people on the other hand spread morals which led to the advancement of criminal law that was based on total equality among people and its everlasting pursue to maintain justice and ethics, Moreover, the protection of social interests as well as individual ones and to consider sanction as a means of deterrence rather than torture or revenge.

Key words: crime, sanction, morals, justice, ancient Egypt