مركز نصارى الجزيرة في المجتمع الإسلامي في القرن الأول الهجري السابع الميلادي

الملخص EN

The position of the Christians in the early Islamic society.

"Ihe position of the Christians within Islamic law can therefore be seen to be an of generally fair treatment.

The books of the law unaffected in their provisions a certain case of contact and a good relationship enjoyed by Christians with Muslims.

Islamic law provided security and protection for the Christians within the umma and it is likely that they were usually treated more sympathetically than they had been in the pre-lslamic period under a preserve regimes.

Generally, the Christians and the Muslims lived together and in harmony in the spite of the attempts of clergy of the both sides who tried to erect barriers between It would appear the no Muslim governor attempted to exterminate the Christians and there were very few attempts to convert them to Islam by force.

There is ample historical evidence which substantiate the fact that Islamic law which prohibited Muslim women from marning Christians men who observed.

ibn Hazm (d.456A.H/1063A.D.) mentions that when the wife of Abada b.

al-numan al Taghlibi who was Christian had been converted to the faith of Islam, umar 1 divorced her from him because the husband refused to become a Muslim.

On the other hand, marriage between Muslim men and dhimi women was permitted.

according to Islamic law.

indeed the Quran says: This day are all things good and pure made lawful unto yo...lawful unto you in marriage are (not only) chaste women who are believers, but chaste women among the people of the book".

Ibn habib (d.245 A.

H/859 A.D) mentions a list of Muslims who were the sons of Christians women, many of them who lived in the first century A D.

such a list shows clearly how the Muslims and the Christians lived in a united society.

The Banu Taghlib were amongst those Christians who were especially praised, they were considered to be more virtuous than all other Arabs, and to be very brave warriors.

So the Arabs called them al-ghulaba "very great in war" or 'highly respected tribes".

The Christians played a highly significant part in the economic life of Islam; they were landlords, peasantry, keepers of animals, industrialists, traders and craftsmen.

By the efforts of the above- mentioned social classes, the jazira exported various goods to different areas of the umma.

they also paid various taxes to the Bayt al mal, so they were an established and powerful elements in Islamic society during the period covered in this research.