دراسة تاريخية للآثار الشلبية في اختلاف المذاهب الإسلامية في عهد الخليفة العباسي المقتدر بالله (295-320 ه 908-932 م)‎

الملخص EN

This research presents a historical summary of the negative effects of the different Islamic religious sects and sects among scholars and their impact on society and scientific and public life in the second Abbasid era, especially during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir Allah until the period of the Buyihis’ control of the Abbasid Caliphate and the imposition of the Shiite sect as an official doctrine of the Abbasid state Since the year 334 AH / 945AD.

Among them are: political effects such as claiming against opponents that they are working with Islamic groups against the state, and fabricating charges, economic ones such as cutting salaries, grants and gifts and imposing siege, psychological such as envy, hate, rumors and maliciousness, religious such as challenging the validity of belief, and educational such as restricting education to followers of the same sect and concealing scientific literature.

The lack of commitment to scientific honesty when writing, social, such as calibration of lineage and influencing the life of the public, and criminal, such as beating, imprisonment and murder.