تحري السل بالطرق الجزيئية و المناعية : إيجابيات كل طريقة و سلبياتها

الملخص EN

Tuberculosis (TB) is still considered one of world's leading death-causing infectious diseases, with its threat and spread increasing due to its resistance to antibiotics.

its high mortality rate is significantly associated with delayed diagnosis due to the ineffectiveness of diagnostic tests used and, consequently, delayed or inefficient treatment.

because of laboratory-diagnosis importance in obtaining appropriate treatment for TB patients and limiting its spread, and to draw attention to the obstacles to achieving a complete accurate TB diagnosis, we made this study discussing immunological and molecular TB diagnostic techniques, clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of each method, including its optimal place among patient categories, disease phases, and comparing them with traditional diagnostic methods.

molecular methods have an important role detecting alleles of drug resistance to provide an appropriate treatment plan, in addition to investigating mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) rapidly and reliably.

however, molecular methods sensitivity was significantly decreased when detecting MTB in smear-negative samples.

Many molecular techniques have been designed to adapt with low-capacity laboratories by reducing work steps or minimizing cost.

Next-generation sequencing provided suitable means for use in reference-level laboratories for diagnosis and genotyping with high accuracy and efficiency.

On the other hand, immunological methods appear to be important in detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and culture-negative active tuberculosis (TB).

While flow cytometry has been suggested as an appropriate immunoassay for detecting cellular molecules characteristic for tuberculosis in laboratories with suitable infrastructure, it has been emphasized to limit the use of tuberculin test and IFN-γ-releasing assays to detecting LTBI.

Because immunoassays cannot be excluded or replaced, more research needed to reveal each disease-phase components to put them into practice in the most appropriate useful way.