تجارة مكة و الشام بين قيصري هاشم بن عبد مناف و عثمان بن الحويرث

الملخص EN

The research aims to determine approximately the time of the birth of Hashem bin Abd Manaf, as well as to know how long he lived, due to the importance of this character, and being related to the most famous commercial trips before Islam, which is the winter and summer trip, mentioned in the Holy Qur’an.

Then aims to know the Caesar with whom this commercial agreement was made, and the outcome of this agreement.

Also the research aims to find out Caesar Othman bin Al-Huwayrith who tried to influence this agreement by imposing taxes on trade, and who is the Caesar who tried to influence him to implement this idea.

The importance of the research lies in that it covers an aspect that has not been paid attention to it a lot during the presentation of the story of the winter and summer trip, namely the names of the Caesars with whom the agreement was made, as well as the economic conditions that were in their state that made them either accept the agreement of Hashim bin Manaf, or made them try to impose taxes on it, as happened with Othman bin Al-Huwaireth.

This requires analyzing the news reported on the age of Abd al-Muttalib Ibn Hashim, as well as investigating the narrations that were mentioned in determining the age of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

Then moving to the sources and references that spoke about the Byzantine state to know the time periods for each Caesar.

Then expect the Caesar who was agreed with him, and with this same analytical method, it is applied with Othman bin Al-Huwayrith.

The research has concluded that Hashim was born in approximately 475 AD and died approximately in 500 AD and that his Caesar was Emperor Anastasius.

As for Othman bin Al-Huwayreth, his Caesar was either Phocas or Maurice.

The covenant was almost to shake off the ease because it was verbal.

Several Caesars came, and this commercial agreement was not a priority for them.