الدور التاريخي و الحضاري للطرق البرية التي تربط أفريقيا بالساحل السوداني

الملخص EN

This paper attempts to analyze the role of the land roads linking Sudan and North Africa to the outside world within the framework of the imperative of communication between human beings and mutual benefit.

The West.

The paper also discusses the role of Sudanese ports in completing those external contacts with the countries of the world, and the paper focuses on the slave trade in Sudan as a commodity that had negative consequences.

The paper also deals with the performance of the Hajj pilgrimage via land routes and its religious, cultural and civilizational effects in Sudan.

Migration outside the country to seek knowledge with the emigration of some scholars to the country of Sudan, and the efforts of some Sufi sheikhs in religious education, which resulted in the establishment of reform movements based on Sufi men; Such as the movement of Sheikh Othman bin Fodi Al-Qadri, Al-Haj Omar Al-Fouti Al Tijani, and Muhammad Ahmed Al-Mahdi in eastern Sudan.

One of the results of the research: that the Red Sea occupies a strategic position that made it play the role of a link between Western Europe and the world of the Indian Ocean The country of Sudan in Africa occupies an important position as we find it overlooking the Indian Ocean through its left arm and the Atlantic Ocean, which helped to open up that country to the outside world.

The road network facilitated cultural exchange between Sudan and the Arab Islamic world, as many scholars came to Sudan Experts and architects who played an important role in the dissemination of religious sciences and Islamic civilization, and facilitated the transfer of science students from the countries of Sudan to the countries of the Maghreb, Egypt and the Hijaz.