حركة الترجمة و تعلم اللغات منذ العهد النبوي إلى نهاية الدولة الأموية (1 ه - 132 ه 622- 749 م)‎

الملخص EN

This study focused on the translation movement and languages learning from the time of the Prophet to the end of the Umayyad era (1-132 AH).

In the time of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and his companions, may God be pleased with them, the scientific movement was still in the foundation stage.

So languages learning and thought transfer or translation must be taken with great caution, because we do not have material evidence for the transfer of the products of this thought into Arabic during the days of the prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, or the days of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs.

Accordingly, we must wait for the Umayyad era to see the beginning of the trend towards translating what other nations have of our knowledge.

In this research, the following aspects will be addressed: Introduction: the concept of translation as a language and a terminology.

The first topic: the translation movement and language learning in the days of the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs.

The second topic will deal with cultural centers in the Umayyad era and its impact on the movement of translation and languages learning.

The third topic deals with the role of the Umayyad Caliphs in activating the translation movement.

The fourth topic deals with the impact of translation and languages learning on the cultural and scientific movement in the Umayyad era.

The results of the research highlighted the importance of translation and languages learning since the Prophet’s era, when the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was urging those around him to learn the language, as he did with Zaid bin Thabit, and so gradually people began to learn to read and write.

The result of the intellectual cross- fertilization between Arab and foreign cultures under Islam was the emergence of many translators, whether during the Islamic conquests that were taking place at that time through either sending letters to kings or holding treaties, truces, and negotiations with other nations, which requires the presence of a speaker in their language, or during the organization of the opened countries through collecting taxes (Jizya and Kharaj).

The Umayyad period stands as the real beginning of translation, so the state took care of translating basic sciences such as chemistry, medicine, astrology, and literature, which dominated the cultural scene at that period.