منهج الاعتدال في وصايا الخلفاء الراشدين لقادة الفتح و أثره في نجاح الفتوحات و إرساء قواعد الأمن و السلم في البلاد المفتوحة

الملخص EN

Whoever looks at the pages of the events of the history of the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs (1141- AH) in a new reading will discover that each event constitutes a self-contained history that calls for conducting scientific studies that delve into its depths and extract its core, to find out what happened precisely and explain it from the perspective of the time in which it happened, in order to sense the value of the era and realize its importance and unique place in Islamic history.

Hence, the title of this research came as an attempt to read a new historical study aimed at studying an important aspect of the Islamic conquests, which was not addressed in a way that reflects its importance in relation to the goals for which the conquest armies were to conquer the countries of Iraq, the Levant, parts of Africa and others to spread Islam in them.

This aspect is the aspect related to establishing the rules of security and peace in the conquered countries, through which the message and goal of the Islamic conquest of non-Muslim countries and their voluntary entry into Islam are achieved.

This achieves the interests of its people to live in security and peace in the long term, exceeding the short term of the conquest operations.

The Rightly Guided Caliphs, in their commandments to the leaders of the soldiers who were directed to conquer the country and spread Islam in its lands, adopted the commandments of the Messenger, and followed the correct prophetic approach and the straight prophetic guidance in advising, guidance, leadership, control, tracking and monitoring.

Therefore, great results were achieved for those conquests in which the meanings of peace and security were manifested in their highest meanings and buildings.

It appears from the commandments that the main goal of the conquests was to carry Islam from its original homeland in the Arabian Peninsula to a new citizen that needed it, and not the bad economic situation of the conquerors’ countries as it was rumored and widely spread, or for fear of the coup of the brigades that decided the issue of apostasy and the claimant of prophecy, on the one hand.

It was also found that the adherence of the conquering leaders and soldiers to the commandments of the caliphs increased the confidence of the people of the countries opened to the conquerors and left a great impact on their souls.

They found in them the best human being, and in Islam freedom, justice and charity, on the other hand.

A number of results were reached, the most important of which are: 1.

The commandments of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs to the commanders of the conquest armies to spread Islam played a decisive role in the smoothness and success of the conquest operations on more than one front simultaneously and led to the impressive results that were achieved.

2.

The strict adherence to the commandments contributed to the acceleration of the pace of conquests, as it charted the paths and methods of conquest and showed the leaders and the mujahideen what they should do during the conquest and its aftermath.

3.

It appeared from the wills that the main goal of the conquest of the country was to spread Islam, and not the poor economic condition of the conquered countries, as was rumored.