جدع الأنف و صلم الأذن في القوانين العراقية القديمة (حوالي 2360-911 ق. م)‎

الملخص EN

The ancient Iraqi laws discussed rhinotomy and ear amputation as a crime made by one person against the other.

They were also the severest judicial punishments because of their psychological damage, causing the deformation and distinction of the body.

They mainly aimed to discipline the aggressor, regulate community discipline, reduce immoral crimes, and achieve the interests of the individual and society to spread peace and tranquility across the society.

They were inflicted with heinous crimes, such as theft, adultery, wife's escape, as well as convenience of criminals and the fugitive slave.

These laws often obliged the aggressor to pay financial compensation to avoid legal retribution.

The compensation for rhinotomy was double ear amputation.

Moreover, these laws were not always fair as they distinguished the freeman from the slave.

In other words, the social status of freemen often hindered the punishment of rhinotomy and ear amputation that was always inflicted on slaves.

Discussing rhinotomy and ear amputation is an important topic that is hardly addressed by researchers.

Therefore, it requires further research, especially in names, connotations, introduction, development, causes, events, and executing authority as a deterrent punishment with a social impact.

The present study tracks, investigates, refutes, and highlights the historical sequence of the legal documents of rhinotomy and ear amputation.

It highlights all involved parts, such as the aggressor and victim, the role of the legal authority, and the executing authority of the retribution.

It is worth noting that several texts related to rhinotomy and ear amputation were deteriorated and lost, causing many gaps.