التطور العقدي (مظاهره، وأسبابه، وآثاره)‎: (التشيع والاعتزال أنموذجا)‎

الملخص EN

This research aims to shed light on the phenomenon of doctrinal development in Shiism and Retreatism, and to introduce the reader to the stages of the formation of beliefs in both directions throughout history, and to stand on the manifestations of that development, its causes, and its effects on both Shiism and Retreatism, and how that development contributed to the emergence of sects, and divergent opinions which often led to separation; rather, it reached the point of mutual atonement within the same doctrinal school.

The research came out with a number of results, most notably of which are as follows:
The doctrinal development is a phenomenon associated with all verbal sects, especially: Shiites and Mu'tazila (Retreaters), and that the origins of the beliefs of both schools were formed through long periods of time in what we called doctrinal development, including assets, branches and branches of branches, and that this development had a number of reasons, most notably: the death of the leaders of the sects, and the conflict over their presidency after their death, as well as new sayings within the same doctrinal school, and delving into the work of speech.

The research also touched on the effects of the doctrinal development in Shiism and Retreatism, the most prominent of which are: the emergence of sects, and inter-takfir within the one doctrinal school.

The researcher recommended studying the phenomenon of doctrinal development among the rest of the Islamic sects.

Especially the Kharijites.

And the employment of these studies in the methodology of argumentation with these sectss.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may God's blessings be upon Muhammad and his family and companions.