تحليل السياسات الزراعية لمحصولي الطماطم و البصل في مصر

الملخص EN

Tomato and onion crops are considered one of the most important foods, industrial and export crops in Egypt.

The value of their exports is about $260 million, which represents about 25.1% of Egypt’s total vegetable exports, which amount to about $1036 million, and at a rate of about 4.7% of the total value of agricultural exports.

About $5.500 million was an average for the period (2015-2019).

Therefore, the research aimed to study the impact of agricultural and price policy analysis by estimating the matrix of agricultural policy analysis for tomato and onion crops, as they are important export crops, during the period (2015-2019) to know their impact on farms and the state, and to determine the state’s role in the efficient use of available resources and to identify the essence of these policies, whether protectionist or tax, are to draw conclusions and indicators that benefit decision makers to develop future strategies in line with global changes and local consumer needs.

And by estimating the policy analysis matrix for each of the tomato and onion crops during the period (2015-2019), a period in which the markets for production factors were completely liberalized, the results were: - The value of the nominal protection coefficient for tomato and onion crops is less than the absolute one, as it reached about 0.25 and 0.28, respectively, as an average for the study period, which indicates the existence of an implicit tax borne by tomato and onion producers, and the absence of a fair production policy, meaning that the local price of tomatoes and onions is less than global price.

- The value of the nominal protection coefficient for the production requirements of tomato and onion crops is more than the absolute one, as it was estimated at about 1.07, 1.09 as an average for the study period, which indicates that the prices of production inputs provided to the producers of those crops in Egypt are lower than their global value, meaning that the producers of these crops receive implicit support.

- The value of the effective protection coefficient was estimated at less than one for the two crops, which amounted to about 0.23 and 0.25 as an average for the study period, which indicates the existence of an implicit tax on the producers of those crops, i.e.

a lower value added for tomato and onion crops at local prices than their global counterparts, which indicates that this crop was not protected during that period.

- The value of the local resource cost coefficient for the two crops was estimated at less than one, which was 0.06, 0.05, which indicates a comparative advantage in the production of these crops.

- The economic surplus of the tomato crop and the onion crop, respectively, amounted to LE 88025 and LE 49363, which means an increase in the state's economic profitability over the financial profitability of farms.

Recommendations 1.

Establishing an agricultural price policy that guarantees the convergence of the prices of onion and tomato crops and international prices, to encourage farmers to produce for export to increase foreign exchange earnings.

2.

Reducing implicit taxes imposed on farmers in order to reduce economic loss, which increases the welfare of onion and tomato producers and society 3.

Addressing the negatives arising from the policy of economic liberalization of markets and production factors, represented in the high costs of producing tomatoes and onions, and making them available at reasonable prices