تحليل اقتصادي لأهم العوامل المؤثرة علي إنتاج بنجر السكر في إطار السياسات الزراعية في مصر

الملخص EN

The agricultural sector is positively and negatively affected by a set of economic policies related to production, marketing, and internal and external trade within the national economy.

Perhaps the most prominent economic policies that help develop the agricultural sector are agricultural price policies, which play an effective role in mobilizing the forces of agricultural production on the one hand, and mobilizing the forces affecting the Food consumption and demand rationalization on the other hand.

Therefore, it is necessary to integrate both agricultural price policies with national price policies, also the integration of national price policies with other economic and sectoral policies.

The objectives of agricultural price policies differ with the different stages of economic development and the objectives of agricultural price policies differ with the different stages of economic development, as well as the economic policies followed In State (1), the sugar crops (cane and sugar beet) are of great economic importance in Egypt.

The sugar beet crop is considered one of the most important strategic and important sugar crops in Egypt.

It is also considered an important source of national agricultural income, as both crops are used in the industry.

and extracting sugar, and it is known that the sugar beet crop needs quantities of water equivalent to 35% of the water needs of the sugar cane crop, as the water needs of sugar beet are estimated at 3000-4000 cubic meters per acre, compared to about 9797 cubic meters per acre of sugar cane crop at the level of the Republic The production of the sugar cane crop is concentrated in the governorates of Upper Egypt, while the sugar beet crop is concentrated in some governorates of Middle Egypt and Lower Egypt some governorates of Middle Egypt and Lower Egypt,.

The study problem is the continuous increase in the sugar gap of sugar due to the insufficient supply of domestic product and the tendency to global markets and the conditions imposed by those markets and the increase in the severity of the risks associated with those markets, which represent a burden on the balance of payments and fierce competition resulting from dumping the local market with white sugar imported from The European Union and importers without customs or import controls, and the situation is exacerbated if the practices of the Nile Basin countries and their construction of dams are taken into account and thus affecting the supply of water resources available in the future for the horizontal expansion in the production of sugar crops.

The research aimed to study the impact of the policy Agricultural crops on the production of the most important sugar crops in Egypt, the sugar beet crop, during the periods (2005-2007) and before the liberalization of the exchange rate (2014-2016) and after the liberalization of the exchange rate (2017-2019), by estimating some standards to identify the policy followed by the state for crops sugar beet (sugar beet), whether it is a protection policy or a policy of imposing direct or indirect taxes.

The research also aimed at estimating and analyzing farmers' responses to prices.

The farmland and some other economic variables during the period (2001 - 2019) by identifying the factors most affecting the area cultivated with the sugar beet crop, the research relied mainly on the data published in the bulletins issued by the Central Administration of Agricultural Economy issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation through numbers In addition to research, studies, references and scientific messages related to the subject of the study, the results of the study are that the development of cultivated areas with sugar beet crop per feddan, crop productivity in ton per feddan, and total production in ton / feddan has It changed from year to year at the level of the Republic during the study period (2001- 2019), and it became clear from the results of the study that the current situation of the sugar beet crop at the level of the Republic in (2019) and the total areas cultivated with the sugar beet crop in the old lands at the level of the governorates of the Republic amounted to about 438.39 thousand feddans, with an average of about 25,788,000 feddans, and the total cultivated areas in the new lands at a governorate level In the Republic, it amounted to about 166.86 thousand feddans with an average of 9270 thousand feddans, and the total production of the sugar beet crop in the old lands at the level of the governorates of the Republic was about 918,281 thousand tons / feddan with an average of 536,989 thousand tons / feddan, while the total production of the sugar beet crop in The new lands at the level of the governorates of the Republic amounted to about 3118.36 thousand tons / feddan with an average of 183433 thousand tons / feddan, the highest relative profitability of the sugar beet crop in relation to the wheat crop was in 2018 at a rate of about 2.5275 pounds / feddan, and the lowest relative profitability rate for the sugar beet crop for wheat was about 0.5357 With regard to the profitability of the sugar beet crop for the alfalfa crop, the highest rate of relative profitability in 2007 was about 1.2337 pounds / feddan, the lowest rate of relative profitability was about 0.1656 pounds / acre in 2016.

The results of the study showed that the area of the sugar beet crop planted in the previous year had a statistically significant effect.

At the familiar levels of significance on the cultivated area of the sugar beet crop for the current year, the calculated F value was higher than its tabular counterpart, which indicates the statistical significance of the model used to explain the The fluctuations of the incident in the dependent variable under study, and the value of R2 (the coefficient of determination) came to indicate that the independent variables in the equation affect about 84% of the factors affecting the dependent variable under study.

The equation indicated that the acre productivity of the sugar beet crop in the previous year has a statistically significant effect on the levels of morale The calculated F value was higher than its tabular counterpart, which indicates the statistical significance of the model used to explain the fluctuations in the dependent variable under study.

The value of R2 (the coefficient of determination) indicates that the independent variables in the equation affect about 0.09 % of the factors affecting the dependent variable under study, it was clear from the equation that the total acre revenue of the sugar beet crop in the previous year had a statistically significant effect at the familiar levels of morality on the cultivated area of the sugar beet crop for the current year, as the calculated F value was higher than its tabular counterpart, which indicates that The statistical significance of the model used to explain the fluctuations in the dependent variable under study, and the value of R2 (m limiting factor) to indicate that the independent variables in the equation affect about 0.66% of the factors affecting the dependent variable under study, it turns out that the area planted with sugar beet crop in the previous year is the most influential, because the sugar beet crop is one of the most important contractual and strategic sugar crops in order to fill sugar gap In light of the findings of the research, it can be recommended to work on setting a special price policy for the sugar beet crop in order to increase the comparative advantage in its production.

Work to reduce direct and indirect taxes imposed on producers, as it was found that by increasing the imposition of taxes, the net loss of the product increases, the state must work on Consumer protection and product support, especially the necessary import commodities, because this reduces the net loss of the consumer, and thus there is a saving of foreign exchange for the benefit of the state, evaluation of the policies followed by the state and affecting the supply of the sugar beet crop, whether in the local market or the external market, in order to achieve the largest possible use of sugar beet The water resource in irrigation, encouraging the contract farming system between farmers and marketing agencies on the basis of a specific price to ensure the marketing of their crop, the state providing the necessary protection and support for farmers when prices drop, working to increase the total production per acre of the sugar beet crop and encouraging farmers to increase the cultivated areas from The crop is through the expansion of the sugar beet crop, specifically in the new lands, where it is well cultivated because it is a bearable crop.

For salinity, little consumption of water irrigation(NPCO) for the sugar beet crop has reached about (0.64%, 0.79%, 0.59%), (NPCD) has reached about (0.93%, 0.92%, 0.87%),(EPC) ) has reached about (0.61%, 0.77%, 0.67%),( NPCO) for the sugar beet crop has reached about (0.24%, 0.41%, 0.08%), finally the profitability coefficient for was about (0.46, 0.86, 0.67), during the study years