دراسة اقتصادية لتقييم أثر سياسات التدخل الحكومي على بعض المحاصيل الزراعية

الملخص EN

Egypt in recent years made some structural changes in agricultural policy and especially the price policy in order to maximize economic return throughout the economic determinants of local and global variables and to achieve this Egypt depends on the extent of convergence of domestic prices with global counterparts both for production or its requirements .

The research aims to recognize the price difference between the domestic prices and the global prices and measuring the effect of these differences on both the producer and the consumer through estimating an agricultural policy analysis matrix to recognize the indicators for the producer and the consumer price protection , likewise , the comparative advantage in production of wheat , maize , rice and sugar cane crops as the most important strategic crops in Egypt.

And according to the results of the research of the financial and economic analysis of the terms of production, the financial evaluation costs more than the economic evaluation of wages of workers employed in the production of wheat , maize, rice and sugar cane crop, while showing the superiority of economic evaluation over the financial assessment for each of the wages of machinery costs and crops production requirements study .

And also according to the transactions protection comparative advantage cultivation of crops , the study pointed out that the value of the parameter nominal product protection that all four crops producers bear the taxes accounted for about 23% , 25% , 26% , 25% of the global price for each crop protection factor , as indicated nominal commercial mutual inputs to the value of this parameter was less than the one for all crops in the study which amounted to about 0.92 , 0.93 , 0.91 , 0.92 according to the study crops , while the value of the coefficient of effective protection of about 0.76 , 0.72 , 0.73 , 0.87 for the same group of crops to the value added of those crops domestic prices less than its counterpart valued economic prices, which confirms that there is no tax implicit to the producers of these crops during the study period amounted to about 24% , 28% , 27% , 13% respectively with a value estimated for about 1821.03 ,1859.03 , 2267.98 , 1898.22 l.e per feddan and thus the lack of balance between the value of implicit taxes borne by the farmers that group of crops and the value of the support provided by the state to provide requirements for production , as the percentages of implicit taxes exceed the support rates of production requirements , which indicates the suffering of the producers of these crops from negative state protection to its production , and this what explains the decrase or not increasing the areas specified to produce those crops.

The study recommends the importance of the government to provide various fertilizers to farmers with rates that suit the actual needs to the study crops , in suitable timing , and with prices that are close to the actual cost without taking into consideration the changes in the global prices and encouraging the producers of (wheat , maize , rice and sugar cane ) crops to expand in the cultivation of those strategic crops through announcing the minimum prices in advance, before the date of planting them for their supply in proportion to international prices and achieving a net profitable return.