العوامل الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية التي ساهمت في انتشار الفقر في ريف محافظة أسيوط

الملخص EN

The phenomenon of poverty increases and its effects are exacerbated in rural communities, as poverty rates in Egypt rose to 32.5% of the population by the end of the fiscal year (2017/2018), compared to 27.8% for the year (2015/2016), an increase of 4.7%.

The income and expenditure research for the year (2017/2018) also showed that Assiut governorate still occupies the first place, as 66.7% of the population of this governorate is considered poor, while the poverty rate in this governorate increased by 1% compared to the income and spending research that was conducted in 2015.

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics has set the national (material) poverty line in the study of income and expenditure (2017/2018) at the level of 8827 pounds per person per year, which is equivalent to about 735.5 pounds per month per person, as well as the extreme poverty line, which is equivalent to income Annual per person is about 5896 pounds, which is equivalent to about 491 pounds per month for an individual.

For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate these general policies pursued to reduce poverty by answering a basic question: Do the public policies adopted by the state lead to poverty alleviation or an increase in its rates? The Study Problem: The problem of the spread of poverty in the countryside is one of the main obstacles that hinder the path of achieving development in Assiut Governorate, and the consequent low level of trained human resources, qualified to participate in economic and social development, and the failure to exploit the available natural resources for development purposes.

As a result, the problem of the spread of material poverty and immaterial poverty represented in (low level of education, health, and standard of living) in the countryside of Assiut Governorate plays a role in limiting the progress of society and achieving the welfare of its children.

Purpose Of The Study : The main objective of the research has been determined to study the economic and social factors that have contributed to the spread of poverty in the countryside of Assiut Governorate, by studying a number of sub-objectives, namely: 1.

Are the general policies adopted by the state lead to reducing poverty or increasing its rates? 2.

Identify the economic and social characteristics of the rural community in the study area.

3.

Identify the relationship between the family’s interest in education and the differentiation of poverty among families.

4.

Identify the relationship between the degree of health awareness and the differentiation of poverty among families.

5.

Identify the relationship between the standard of living (welfare level) and the differentiation of poverty among families.

Research Method: The research relied on descriptive and quantitative statistical methods represented in: frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and estimation of the general temporal trend of the variables under study, as well as relying on the (Likert triple) scale by distinguishing poor from non-poor families, as the research relied on differentiation Families of the respondents into three family groups, as well as using the simple correlation coefficients method, and the Logistic Regression model.

Data Sources: In order to obtain its data, the study relied on two main data sources, the first of which is the published and unpublished secondary data, from the records of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics, and the Statistics Department of the Agriculture Directorate in Assiut Governorate, as well as the Governorate Information Center.

The study also relied on Another source, is field sample data.

Recommendations: 1.

Work to achieve economic growth (which is the increase in real per capita income), as it is expected that the greater the per capita income, with all other determinants of poverty remaining the same, the lower the poverty.

2.

Development of human capital through (distributive equity), as it is expected that the better the state of distribution, with all the other determinants of poverty remaining the same, the less poverty will be.

Thus, real progress in human development is measured only by expanding the options before individuals and increasing their ability to obtain education, have good health status, live at an acceptable level, and feel safe.

3.

Developing and expanding social protection programs, including unemployment insurance - and retirement pensions.

Providing protection to prevent the growth of the poor and their financial burdens on the state during crises and at critical stages and limit their resort to harmful options such as sacrificing education, selling assets and property, or delaying health care.

The essence of social protection is achieved in financing education, financing health, financing safe drinking water and The rest of the basic services and nutritional requirements.

4.

Empowerment of individuals and support, creating jobs, stimulating trade and stimulating growth in the agricultural sector.

5.

I shifted in the methodology of charitable societies from the traditional method of charity (donor and recipient) to the methodology of developing self-reliance (loans, training, rehabilitation, and capacity building.