الكفاءة الإنتاجية و الاقتصادية لمحصول الفراولة بمحافظة الشرقية

الملخص EN

The governorates of Lower Egypt occupy the first place in terms of cultivated area and production, followed by the governorates outside the valley and then Central Egypt, and the Nubaria region is considered the first in terms of area and strawberry production, followed by Qalyubia, Ismailia, then Sharkia, then Beheira, while the available consumption of fresh strawberries reached about 73.3% of the production.

The total amount of strawberries, as the average per capita share per year was about 1.2 kg, and the rate of self-sufficiency was about 137.4% during the period (2007/2011), and strawberries are plants that respond to modern agricultural technology and therefore can be grown in several forms, including: Greenhouses, and open crops.

It can also be grown by two methods of drip or flood irrigation.

The problem of the study is limited to the decrease and fluctuation of the area cultivated with the strawberry crop in the Sharkia governorate during the period (2010- 2018).

A decrease of 29.542%, as well as an increase in production costs, despite the increase in the area planted with strawberries across the country, reaching 192 thousand acre during 2017.

The study aims to identify the development of the area, production and productivity of the strawberry crop at the level of the Sharkia Governorate, the Bahari Valley and the Republic during the period (2000-2017) and determine the relative importance of the Governorate in relation to the Lower Egypt region as well as the total of the Republic and measure the indicators of productive and economic efficiency of the strawberry crop in the studied sample in some centers Sharkia governorate and determine the factors and variables affecting the marketed quantity of strawberries in Sharkia governorate.

The importance of the study - and other similar field studies - is due to the possibility of identifying positive or negative factors and variables that affect the produced quantity of strawberries, the quantity consumed as well as the marketed quantity of strawberry crop.

Thus, some recommendations can be made that would increase the role of positive variables for the crop under study, and discourage the role of negative variables, leading to an increase in the production rate and thus an increase in the marketed quantity of strawberries, in order to help decision-makers in drawing agricultural policy to raise the efficiency of strawberry production.

The study relied on the descriptive and quantitative methods - in analyzing the data and presenting its findings - represented in the relative importance of the studied variables, as well as the general temporal trend of some variables, in addition to some indicators of productive and economic efficiency of strawberries, and the Recarsive Model, and the study also relied on two sources.

Two main data: (1) published and unpublished secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the Economic Affairs Sector, the Central Administration for Agricultural Economy, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the Governorate Information and Decision Support Center, as well as the Agriculture Directorate in Sharkia Governorate.

(2) A questionnaire form designed for a sample of 75 farmers that was collected by interviewing the farmers during the 2019 agricultural season.

The study reached a set of results, including: 1 - The high average relative importance of the area planted with strawberries in Sharkia governorate, as it amounted to about 24.859% of the total area planted with strawberries at the level of Lower Egypt during the time period (2000-2017).

2 - The high average relative importance of the total production of strawberries in Sharkia governorate, as it reached about 20.896% of the total production of strawberries at the level of Lower Egypt during the time period (2000-2017).

3 - The average production per acre of the strawberry crop amounted to 15.198 tons / acre, the fixed costs amounted to 5585.27 pounds / acre, the average variable costs amounted to 37651.655 pounds / acre, and the total costs amounted to 43236.925 pounds / acre, and the cost of producing a ton of strawberries amounted to 2844.91 pounds / ton , And the total acre revenue amounted to 63421.254 pounds / acre at the level of the total sample.

4- The net yield per acre and the net monthly return amounted to 20184,329 pounds / acre, 4036.87 pounds / month at the level of the total sample, and the net yield per ton of strawberries amounted to 1328.1 pounds / ton at the level of the total sample.

5- There is a positive direct relationship between the consumed quantity of strawberries on the one hand and the quantity produced, the number of family members, and the monthly income on the other side.

6- There is a positive direct relationship between the marketed quantity of strawberries on the one hand and the total production and the quantity of exports on the other side.

The study recommends the following: 1- Providing strawberry seedlings at prices that suit farmers and reduce production costs and thus increase the net return for farmers.

2- Establishing and forming marketing associations that help strawberry producers to market their products at an affordable price to them.

Thus, the greed and blackmail of merchants and brokers of farmers can be overcome.

3 - Direct agricultural guidance to farmers to overcome the emergency conditions facing the productive season.