الآثار الاقتصادية لسياسات تحديد مساحة محصول الأرز في مصر : دراسة حالة محصول الأرز بمحافظة الشرقية

الملخص EN

The rice crop is one of the main grains in Egypt and comes second after wheat in terms of its nutritional importance to the Egyptian people in addition to that it is a crop with a rewarding economic return for farms, and from integrated food crops because it contains multiple nutritional elements necessary for the body, and in recent years the rice transformation To a difficult equation, whereby Egypt consumes annually from 3 45 to 4 million tons of rice, and for this amount to be produced we need to cultivate about a million acres of crops, and cultivating this area consumes large quantities of water, which is no longer borne by Egypt’s share of water.

The problem of the study was the results of the decisions taken by the government to reduce the rice crop areas from 1.2 million feddans in 2017 to 724 thousand feddans in 2018, resulting in a decrease in the local production of this strategic commodity to 2.8 million tons of barley rice, which prompted the state to import about 600 thousand tons White rice, which cost the state large sums in hard currency, and in 2019 the government decided to increase the area planted with rice to 1.8 million acres, with a difference of 600,000 acres (one million and 200,000 acres targeted and 600,000 acres outside the permitted area), which led to an increase in supply The yield and low incomes of farmers.

The study aims to analyze the economic effects of government decisions on the area and production of rice crop in the governorates of the Republic, and on the summer crop composition in Sharkia Governorate, and on the area planted in the centers of Sharkia governorate, indicators of economic and productive efficiency of the crop, irrigation water consumption, efficiency and profitability of the irrigation water unit, farmers ’income, industry Rice hit barley in the governorate, and the country's trade balance during the study period of 2017, 2018, 2019.

The study relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis, estimating the partial balance model and measures of productive and economic efficiency.

The study relied on two main data sources: the first: secondary data published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the financial and economic affairs sector, and the second: primary data through a questionnaire form for a random sample of rice crop farmers Eastern Province The most important results.

And by studying the summer crop composition for the year 2019, it was revealed that the crop area of rice crops increased by 41.3 thousand feddans, summer fodder by about 12.9 thousand feddans, peanuts by about 9.08 thousand feddans, sesame by about 1.9 thousand feddans, indigo corn by about 1.3 thousand feddans, indigo corn by about 1.1 thousand Acres, indigo vegetables by about 1.08 thousand acres, orchards by about 0.656 thousand acres, loofah by about 0.29 thousand acres, soybeans by about 0.18 thousand acres while the crop area for cotton crops decreased by 38.2 thousand acres, white corn by about 26.7 thousand acres, summer vegetables by about 0.927 A thousand feddans, cucurbits, by about 3.006 thousand feddans, with a crop increase of 0.778 thousand feddans over their counterparts in 2018.

The other.

The results also indicate that the rice crop ranked first in water consumption by about 1608.4 thousand m 3, an increase of 290.8 thousand m 3, due to the high farm prices of the crop in 2018, and that the quantities of water consumed for the crops of cotton, sorghum, sorghum, summer vegetables, cucumbers and ornamental plants have decreased by about (243.5 While the crops of yellow maize, indigo corn, peanut, sesame, soybean, indigo vegetable, summer fodder, loofah, papyrus, medicinal and aromatic plants and orchards increased by about (384 thousand m 3), the amount of the increase in the consumption of summer crop composition reached about 140.4 thousand m3, representing 3.7%.

From its counterpart in 2018 of 3826.2 thousand m3, and with a study of the net yield of m3 of water, the cotton yield came with the highest average yield of 2.1 pounds / m3, followed by the rice crop with an average return of 1.03 pounds / m3, then the sorghum crop with an average return of 0.79 pounds / m3, And the last lowest crops, yielding sorghum crop with an average of 0.38 pounds / m3, and the results of the model indicate an improvement in the balance of payments and the increase in the foreign exchange proceeds to about 13.583 million dollars in 2017, and about 94.685 ml.

Yoon dollars in 2019, due to the improvement in the self-sufficiency rates in these two years, while the foreign exchange earnings decreased by -109.891 million dollars in 2018 due to the low selfsufficiency rate and the state’s tendency to import rice quantities from abroad.

Based on the above, the study is recommended 1- The interest of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives to provide good and improved seed quantities in the planting season and to provide fertilizers and pesticides at appropriate times to increase production.

2- The necessity of stabilizing the agricultural policy in general, and the rice harvest, in particular, because of the economic effects it resulted.

3- Directing farmers towards cultivating the most profitable and non-traditional crops in order to avoid their economic losses.

4- Concluding contract farms to raise the efficiency of using productive resources, and to preserve the level of farm incomes.

5- Maximizing the return from the water unit and expanding modern irrigation systems ..