الوضع التنافسي للصادرات المصرية من البرتقال في أهم الأسواق التصديرية

الملخص EN

The development of agricultural exports is one of the most important determinants which facing agricultural economic policy planners in Egypt .

Oranges are the most important export fruit crops grown in Egypt ، where the amount of its exports amounted to about 1602 thousand tons in 2018 compared with 1358 thousand tons in 2017.

The research problem is that the quantity of orange exports fluctuated in recent years between high and low, despite its importance as an export crop .

The research aims to study the competitiveness for Egyptian exports of oranges in the most important foreign markets.

The most important results are : • The world production of oranges was 69.3 million tons during the period (2014- 2018) .Egypt's average production of oranges during the same period is estimated at about 2.5 million tons, representing about3.6% of world.

Brazil is the first producing countries in the world with a production amount of about 17.1 million tons, representing about 23.5% of the global orange production during the same period , Egypt is the seventh place of the most important orange producing countries in the world with a production amount that represents about 4.3% of the global production quantity during the study period referred to.

• world exports of oranges was estimated at 6.3 million tons , and Egyptian exports represented about 10.1% reaching 631.4 thousand tons during the study period.

The Spain is the most important exporters of oranges in the world quantity of exports is estimated at 1643 thousand tons, covering about 24% of the carrying capacity of world market of oranges.

• Egypt is the third most important exporter of oranges worldwide, covering about 11.6% of the world’s imports of oranges during the study period (2018-2014).

• The most important countries which importing are in the Netherlands, France, Germany and Russia.

• It also noted the results to be the most important importing markets for Egyptian exports of oranges is in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Russia, Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, China, absorbing those markets together accounted for about 61.6% of the total amount of exports of Egypt oranges during the study period.

• It’s found that Egyptian exports of oranges cover about 51.2% of the absorptive capacity of the Russian market during the study period.

The Egyptian orange exports to Russia are concentrated during the period from March to May.

• Moroccan oranges compete with the Egyptian oranges in the Russian market in total competition, as it resides with it in the same months of export.

Therefore, there is a possibility to increase the market share of Egyptian exports from oranges to the Russian market at the expense of the share The market for Moroccan exports of oranges in the same market in the months of December to July.

• South Africa is a partial competitor to the Egyptian exports of oranges, as it is present with the Egyptian oranges in the Russian market during the months of June and July only, which are the most famous beginning of Egypt's exit from the market.

• It’s showed that the percentage of the Egyptian exports to the orange market in the Russian market is determined by the export price ratio of Morocco and South Africa.

It was also found that the efficiency of export processing in Egypt attributed to the same variable in each of Turkey, South Africa and Morocco has a positive and statistically significant, which means that there is a noticeable improvement In the export capacity of Egypt in recent years as a result of improved economic conditions and an increased role for enterprises in the export process.

• The results received indicated research that despite the importance of the French market as the most important importing markets for oranges in the world, but the amount of Egypt 's exports of oranges to the French market is too little, where no more than about 0.5%, of the amount of Egyptian exports of oranges during the study period referred.

• Spain's exports of oranges on the French market have a competitive advantage compared to the exports of the rest of the competing countries within the market, due to the proximity between them, as the oranges are shipped from Spain to the wholesale market in France by train, for a duration that takes only about 3 hours.

While the Egyptian exports of oranges to the French market take an estimated period of about 18 days to reach the port of Marseille, and then distribution begins thereafter throughout France.

While Egyptian exports of oranges to the French market take an estimated period of about 18 days to reach the port of Marseille, and then distribution begins thereafter throughout France • The results also showed that the ratio of the quantity of exports of Egyptian oranges in the French market is determined mainly by the ratio of the export price of Egyptian oranges to the price of both Spanish and Tunisian oranges, and the efficient performance of export operations relative to Spain within the French market.

The study suggests that; 1.

paying attention to providing the marketing infrastructure, especially the approved packing stations, and studying the China market specially there is an opportunity to expand the Egyptian exports of oranges to China, due to the presence of an open protocol between the Chinese and Egyptian governments to export a quantity of about 2 million tons of citrus and oranges.

2.

Work to have a specific mechanism to reduce the transportation time.

3.

Improve marketing extension role for exporters to increase the exported quantity.