أثر استخدام التكنولوجيا على إنتاج محصول القمح في محافظة الشرقية

الملخص EN

Wheat is a strategic crop and one of the most important grain crops in Egypt, as it represents the main food per capita, making it a key factor in achieving food security, which means from the economic logic of the ability of society to provide basic food needs of all individuals, especially the main grain crops For a relatively long period of time, the quantities of locally produced cereals were insufficient, since the large and continuous increase in Egypt's population has led to a continuous lack of selfsufficiency in cereal crops and this has led to an increase in imported wheat.

The problem of the research is the decrease in the total production of wheat and the shortage of its supply disproportionate to the steady increase of the population, which leads to the increase of imports of wheat, to overcome the problem of research, the study aims to know the economic effects of the use of methods of development vertical agriculture.

It relied on the use of some descriptive and quantitative statistical methods.

It also relied on secondary and unpublished secondary data in addition to the primary data collected through the questionnaire in the study sample.

Moreover, the centers and villages were selected according to the relative importance of wheat area to the governorate.

The results of the research shows that the area and production of wheat crop in Egypt and Sharkia Governorate has taken an increasing and statistically significant trend.

The sample of the study was divided into 6 different technological packages as follows: The first package includes the group of farmers using traditional farming methods without using any level of technology, in addition to their use of traditional non-modern varieties.

The second package includes the group of farmers using traditional farming methods without using any level of technology However, they were used for modern seeds derived from reliable government sources, and the third package comprised the group of farmers using laser leveling.

And obtained from reliable government sources.

The fourth technological package includes the group of farmers using laser leveling, deep plowing, and adding gypsum, and they have been used for modern seeds derived from reliable government sources, and the fifth technological package includes the group of farmers using laser leveling, deep plowing, and the addition of breeding enhancers such as agricultural gypsum In addition, they used the modern seed derived from reliable government sources in addition to the terraced method of cultivation.

The sixth package include Laser settlement, deep plowing, as well as agricultural improvers , mechanic harvest, as they used modern seeds and recipients derived from reliable government sources.

The results of the study showed that the use of both modern shells, the use of laser leveling, deep plowing, and the addition of agricultural gypsum, and mechanic harvest lead to reduce the amount of seeds by -24.62%,- 1.35%, -6.38%, -3.4% and -17.5% respectively and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by -12.12%, -1.03%, - 16.27%, -3.98% and -0.75%, respectively, reduce the amount of Labors by- 4.47%, -2.29%, - 3.55%, -1.5%, and -4.06% respectively, on the use of traditional cultivation methods and the use of traditional varieties.

The use of both modern varieties, the use of laser barbecues, deep plowing, and the addition of agricultural plaster reduced the amount of municipal fertilizer -3.23%, -0.2%, and - 2.25 respectively), reducing the amount of phosphate fertilizer used by -1.78%, - 2.05%, and -21.12%, respectively, from the use of planting methods As noted above, the amount of change in the quantities of municipal, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in the fifth package is greater than This is due to the addition of agricultural gypsum in this package, which led to a reduction in the amount of different fertilizers by more than the rest of the packages.

The study of the efficiency measures of different packages shows the high efficiency of producers using technological packages sixth, fifth, fourth and third, where the productivity of these packages, respectively, about 26.24, 25.83 21.74, and 20.13 Ardab/feddan, while the second and first packages 18.19, and 17.47 Ardab/feddan respectively, the total revenue of wheat amounted to about 15166.72, 14774.76, 12391.8, and11576.7 pounds/ Feddan for the sixth, fifth, fourth and third technological packages, respectively, against 10277.35, and 9608.5 pounds/Feddan for users of the second package, the first on the order.

The cost of the unit produced shows that the efficiency of producers with the sixth and fifth package is 403.2, 413.37 pounds/ ardab for each respectively.

While it amounted to about 455.87, 456.6, 463, and 463.69 pound / Ardab for the fourth, third, second and first packages respectively.

It also showed an increase in the net profit of wheat producers implementing the sixth package to 4586.75 pounds/feddan, compared to 4097.41 pounds/feddan for the fifth package, while reaching about 2481.19, 2303.15, 1855.38, and 1507.84 pounds/feddan for fourth, third, second, and first package.

As shown by the study that the profitability of pounds spent in the sixth technological package amounted to about 1.44 pounds, and for the fifth package amounted to about 1.38 pounds, also amounted to about 1.26 pounds for the fourth technological package, estimated at about 1.25 pounds for the third technological package, in his country the profit of pounds spent in the second technological package by about 1.22 pounds, and about 1.18 pounds for the first package.

The study recommends the need to cultivate the newly developed varieties of Seeds with high productivity,The need to use modern technological method that increase the productivity of Feddan such as laser leveling, deep plowing, and the addition of agricultural gypsum,The use of automatic harvesting combin, which works to reduce losses in production during harvest, andThe need to use the method of planting on terraces, which works to reduce the amount of seeds used in agriculture and reduce the amount of irrigation water by about 25%, as well as to increase production by about 25%