دراسة اقتصادية لنظم الري السطحي و الري المطور في الأراضي القديمة : (دراسة حالة محافظة بني سويف)‎

الملخص EN

Water resources are heavily wasted in all sectors, especially the agricultural sector, which is the main sector in the consumption of water in Egypt, with average consumption of water during the period (2001-2016) about 83.66% of the total available water resources during that period, Water losses from Aswan to the field during the period (2000 - 2017) about 13.31 billion cubic meters, therefore, the study targeted: (1) studying the development of the discharge of the Nile River water behind the Aswan Reservoir.

(2) Studying efficiency of delivering and transportation of water and its losses in Egypt (3) Measuring the effects of irrigation development in the new lands on the study sample.

The study relied on quantitative and descriptive methods to achieve its objectives.

The study reached many results where: 1- The discharge of the Nile River during the period (2000-2016) decreased from about 64.15 billion cubic meters in 2000 to about 55.5 billion cubic meters in 2016.

2- The average water losses from Aswan to the field during the period (2000-2017) was about 13.31 billion cubic meters, and the average water losses from the canals to the field during the same period was about 5.09 billion cubic meters.

The losses from Aswan to canals were about 8.21 billion cubic meters.

3- The efficiency of transporting and delivering water from Aswan to the field in 2017 was about 83.77%, which means that about 16.33% of the total water discharged at Aswan was lost to irrigate agricultural lands as a result of evaporation, water leakage to the subsoil and weed absorption of water.

4- The drip irrigation system was characterized by the highest efficiency in the use of water unit compared to the sprinkler irrigation system in all study crops.

5- feddan productivity of wheat in the drip irrigation system decreased about 0.4 ton / feddan to sprinkler irrigated land, represented about 10.78% of the productivity of sprinkler irrigated land.

Consequently, the net revenue decreased by 2145.02 pounds which represented 75.38% of net revenue/feddan to lands under the sprinkler irrigation system.

6- feddan productivity of sugar beet in the drip irrigation system increased by about 4.1 tons / feddan, represented about 14.94% of the productivity of irrigated land by sprinkler irrigation system.

Consequently, the net revenue on land under drip irrigation compared to land under sprinkler irrigation increased by LE 3191.75, representing 75.55% of the net revenue of land under sprinkler irrigation.

7- feddan productivity of onion crop in the new lands irrigated by drip irrigation system increased from the sprinkler irrigation system by about 1.16 tons / feddan, which represented about 6.72%, thus the net yield of onion by the drip irrigation system increased compared with the one in the case of sprinkler irrigation by about 4757.76 pounds, represented about 161.38% of the net return of onion in the land under the system of sprinkler irrigation.

8- Productivity of maize decreased in the new lands irrigated by drip irrigation system from the land irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system by about 0.25 tons / feddan, which represented about 9.84% of the productivity.

Thus, the net return of maize decreased in the land under the drip irrigation system by about LE 174, represented about 76.86% of the net return in the land under the sprinkler irrigation system.

9- The productivity of summer tomato crop in the new lands irrigated by drip irrigation system increased by 7.35 tons / feddan, which represented about 44.55% of the productivity of the irrigated sprinkler irrigation system.

Thus, the net return increased in the land under the drip irrigation system, compared to the equivalent in the sprinkler irrigation system by about 19278.75 pounds, and represented 682.86% of the net revenue value in lands under the sprinkler irrigation system.

10- The amount of water used for irrigation of wheat in the lands under the drip irrigation system decreased compared to the land under the sprinkler irrigation system by about 250 m3 , represented about 11.67% of the amount of irrigation water used in the case of sprinkler irrigation.

The productivity of the water unit (1000 m3 ) for wheat in the irrigated areas was about 1.73 tons / 1000 m3 , which increased to about 1.75 tons / 1000 m3 , in the drip irrigated lands.

11- The net yield of the unit produced from wheat in the irrigated areas was about 766.98 pounds / ton, which decreased to about 211.63 pounds / ton in the irrigated drip irrigated lands.

The net yield of the water unit in the irrigated areas was estimated at 1328.43 LE/1000 m3 , which decreased to about 370 LE / 1000 m3 in the drip irrigated land.

12- The amount of water used for irrigating sugar beet crop in the land under drip irrigation system decreased by 317 m3 , represented about 11.78% of the amount of irrigation water used in the case of sprinkler irrigation.

The productivity of water unit of Sugar beet in the new lands irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system about 10.2 tonnes / 1000 m3 , raised to about 13.29 tonnes / 1000 m3 in drip irrigated land.

13- The net return of the unit produced from sugar beet crop in the irrigated areas by sprinkler was about 153.91 LE / ton, which increased to about 235.07 LE / ton in the irrigated drip irrigation lands.

The net revenue of the water unit in the irrigated areas by sprinkler was estimated at LE 1569.96 / 1000 m3 , raised to about 3124.05 LE / 1000 m3 in the drip irrigated lands.

14- The irrigation water for the onion crop decreased in the case of drip irrigation, which means achieving water saving of about 242 m3 per feddan, which represents about 11.75% of the total amount of irrigation water used to irrigate a feddan in the sprinkler irrigation system.

The productivity of the water unit (1000 m3 ) of the single onion crop in the lands irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system amounted to about 8.38 tons / 1000 m3 , increased to about 10.13 tons / 1000 m3 , in the areas where the drip irrigation system was applied.

15- The net yield of the water unit produced from the onion crop irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system was about LE 170.91 / ton, raised to about LE 418.57 / ton in the irrigated drip irrigated lands.

The net yield of the water unit in the sprinkler irrigation system areas was estimated at 1431.83 LE / 1000 m3, raised to about 4241 LE / 1000 m3 in the drip irrigated land.

16- The consumed irrigation water for maize crop in the case of drip irrigation decreased by 416 m3 , which represented about 11.76% of the total amount of irrigation water used in the sprinkler irrigation system.

The productivity of the water unit (1000 m3 ) of the white maize crop in the new lands, which irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system amounted to about 0.718 tons / 1000 m3 , increased to about 0.734 tons / 1000 m3 , in the land irrigated by drip system.

17- The net revenue of maize produced in irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system was about 89.13 LE / ton, which decreased to 22.87 LE / ton in irrigated drip irrigated lands.

The net yield of the water unit in the irrigated by sprinkler was estimated at 64 pounds / 1000 m3 , raised to about 16.78 pounds / 1000 m3 in the drip irrigated lands.

18- Decrease in the amount of irrigation water used for the summer tomato crop in the case of drip irrigation system by about 387m 3 , represented about 10.05% of the total amount of irrigation water used in the sprinkler irrigation system.

The productivity of water unit (1000 m3 ) of summer tomato crop in the new lands irrigated by sprinkler irrigation system was about 4.29 tons / 1000 m3 , raised to about 6.89 tons / 1000 m3 , in the drip irrigated lands.

19- The net revenue of the unit produced from the summer tomato crop in the sprinkler irrigated areas was about 171.11 LE /ton, raised to about 926.71 LE /ton in the drip irrigated lands.

The net yield of the water unit in the sprinkler irrigated areas was estimated at LE 733,312 / 1000 m3 , which increased to LE 6382.33 / 1000 m3 in the drip irrigated lands.