أهم العوامل الجاذبة للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الدول العربية

الملخص EN

Foreign direct investment plays a major role in supporting the economies receiving it, especially in developing countries.

It partially or completely solves the problem of rare national savings that helps support development plans.

Also, it helps to integrate national economies with the outside world.

It represents an important access for the reception and resettlement of modern and sophisticated technology In addition to that, it helps to make better use of local resources by raising the efficiency of their use, and this is one of the important tools to generate new job opportunities, and through the generated profits we can add new investments, besides that the invested company can extend its businesses to a new services such as building schools and hospitals.

It is clear that direct foreign investment has been affected by global economic and political events.

The financial crisis in 2008 led to decline the value of investments.

On the other hand, 2011 witnessed the Arab spring revolutions, which have negatively affected the inflows of these investments to the Arab world.

The developed countries received about 65% of these investments until 2008, and this percentage have decreased to about 52% after 2008, in which the share of developing countries increased to about 43%.

Arab countries received about 4% of the total foreign direct investment (FDI) of the world, and about 10% of developing countries, which are lower than the aspirations of the Arab peoples.

Foreign direct investment caused an increase in the total GDP (Gross Domestic Products) output of the Arab countries, in addition to the reduction in the unemployment rate, but the impact was not significant on the reduction of foreign debts of the Arab countries.

The figures show that the Intra-Arab investments represent about 29.6% of the total foreign direct investment that was received in the Arab countries, and about $ 336 billion was pumped into Arab investments during the period 2003 – 2017, as Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan received about 25.8%, 9.6%, and 7.4%, respectively.

UAE is the most important country in providing inter-Arab investments by about 48.9%, and all Gulf countries provide about 90% of the total inter-Arab investments during the period 2003-2017.

The index of the investment attractiveness “Guarantee” indicates the improvement of the average of investment climate in the Arab countries, which increased its value from 28 points in 2012 to about 40.9 points in 2018.

Finally the research recommends that: 1.

Develop appropriate mechanisms that encourage attracting more foreign direct investment to the Arab countries.

2.

Amend the laws and regulations in the Arab countries to become more attractive to foreign investment.

3.

The need for Arab countries to allocate a percentage of investment in the field of scientific research and the resettlement of technology to become partners in the future world.

4.

The availability of economic databases for all Arab countries with sufficient accuracy to match with the how they are prepared in developed countries or international institutions.

5.

Design clear and detailed maps of investment opportunities available in Arab countries and provide an easy accessibility to it.

6.

Infrastructure development, where some countries suffer from low levels of road, port, airport and telecommunications services.