الطلائع و العيون و الجواسيس في بلاد المغرب الأدنى من الفتح العربي و حتى انتقال الخلافة الفاطمية لمصر 22-365 ه 642-1269 م

الملخص EN

The work of vanguards, eyes and spies is among the most important methods used by nations, societies, states and kingdoms throughout human history.

Their role is essential in military operations and confront enemies.

The history of the Islamic Near Maghreb has gone through several stages in which it witnessed political changes, wars and battle.

These wars started from the stage of the Islamic conquests to the era of rulers, and the seditions which witnessed conflicts and revolutions and the emergence of different religions which was followed by the stage of independent states.

During all these stages, the vanguards, eyes, and the spies had a fundamental and distinct role.

This paper tried to highlight this role through collecting information from different sources.