مدخل الأدوات المجتمعية لمواجهة الجرائم الخضراء

الملخص EN

Sustainable development scientists use onl;y two approaches to combat green crimes and maintain environmental sanitation.

These approaches are control and economic tools.

In fact* the two approaches are complementary.

Theoretically the stricter the methods of enforcing compulsory laws* the faster the environmental sanitation is achieved.

However the problem here is that these two approaches may run into operational* economic and administrative obstacles* especially when they are actually applied to economic entities.

Therefore* the researcher proposes a third approach i.e.

to rely on community tools that environmental policymakers rarely pay attention to when designing policies aimed at achieving sustainable development.

This research aims to present a comprehensive legal model for the use of community tools as framework rules accommodating many approaches and methods to enforce the compulsory environmental obligation until voluntary environmental commitment is reached.

This model is not only complementary to the existing environmental enforcement tools* but will be a prerequisite for achieving environmental commitments through the development of realistic and specific criteria for the designing and integration of traditional legal policies and tools with innovative settlement of environmental issues* to realize sustainable development.

This will depend not only on social norms but also on an integrated legal model that incorporates operational standards* balancing strictness and applicability* improving the climate of commitments accuracy and clarity* analysing the degree of commitment by the target community* and including partners in planning to meet environmental requirements.

The key to the success of this model is the definition and determination of roles and responsibilities of various groups involved* and the distribution of environmental responsibilities between governmental levels.

Various countries use centralized or decentralized approach to such distribution of responsibilities.

This research presents two international models (USA and Netherlands) that attempted to blend the two approaches to integrate the advantages of centralization and decentralization.

This aims to achieve the desired balance between the need for economic development and the imperative of sustainable development.