مناظر الحرفيين في مقابر جبانه (مير)‎ خلال عصري الدولتين القديمة و الوسطى : دراسة تاريخية تحليلية مقارنة : (2650-1640 ق م)‎

الملخص EN

The ancient Egyptian was keen to represent on the walls of his tomb different scenes, which represent events of daily life or activities of funerary or religious nature.

Art and inscriptions were linked so that one cannot separate one from the other; thus the scene is an event to which the accompanying inscription add details which the picture was incapable of clearly expressing.

Such details include the names of participants in the event, their titles, or a dialogue between them, or even a brief description of the undertaken activity.

This research shows the study of the sences of craftsmen in the tombs of (Meir) during the eras of Old and Middle Kingdoms, which are located within the (fourteenth region) of the regions of Upper Egypt, following (Qusiya) in Assiut, as that city was dedicated to the worship of the goddess Aphrodite In the Greco-Roman era, which definitely means "Hathor", one of the ancient Egyptian deities, according to the titles that were carried by the rulers and officials of this region.

The rulers of the Qusiya region and its senior officials were keen to carve their tombs in the hills that border the Nile Valley in the east and west, consequently we have find great creations of an architectural side or the decorative elements that the walls possessed, containing many scenes and inscriptions that show historical connotations for both of the eras of old and middle Kingdoms, i.e.

from the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty until the end of the Twelfth Dynasty, so far it has been discovered 17th tombs of the rulers and employees of Al-Qusiya, (15th tombs lies in (Meir), where (9) tombs dates to (The Old Kingdom-the 6th Dynasty) and (6) tombs dates to (the Middle Kingdom-12th Dynasty), and there are two tombs lies in the Qusayr Amarna, dating to the (Old Kingdom-6th Dynasty).

Meir is located specifically on the West Bank of the Nile River and was used as a cemetery for the 14th region’s nobles, who were the successors to “Pipi Ankh the older” who was buried in (Qusayr al-Amarna).

Perhaps the following system of the educating of the rulers sons of The provinces in the capital and after then Recruiting their there for a period until they succeeded their fathers, led to the weakening of family relations between successive generations of the same family and to the decrease in the desire to be buried near the former family members, and thus, they decided to move from the cemetery (Qusayr al-Amarna) to the cemetery (Meir).

The research shows a detailed, analytical, comparative image of all the scenes and inscriptions of the craftsmen depicted on the walls of the tombs of the nobles and the employees of the cemetery of (Meir) during the old and middle Kingdoms, in order to show the styles and artistic innovations of the ancient Egyptian society during these periods and to clarify the extent of the influence of the artists of the era of the Middle Kingdom with the styles and artistic styles used by the artists of the Old Kingdom in the Meir cemetery.

The thesis has gathered most of the clear and suitable scenes for study, that have been cut in walls of the tombs in good condition.

Certain scenes, that are either missing or not clear, have been excluded.

In popular themes some examples have also been excluded as they do not add new information to the study.