مؤسسة المشيخة في البلاد التونسية خلال الفترة الاستعمارية : السيرة السياسية و جغرافية تشكل النفوذ من خلال نموذج مشيخة الطبابة (1881-1956)‎

الملخص EN

In this article, we pose a basic problem, based on the documents of the Tunisian national archives : how did the techniques of shaping the social and political status of the institution of the sheikh evolve in Tunisia during the colonial period ? how does a sheikh become a sheikh ? how does the sheikh affect and is he affected by the techniques of forming networks of influence and domination ? the colonial authority could not abandon the institution of the sheikh despite the lack of total adhesion of the sheikhs to the new regime.

France has tried to provide a platform for meeting and understanding with the pillars of the old regime, in particular the institution of the family, which produced the sheikhs and exerted influence among and on the people.

the Tababa sheikhdom was distinguished by its demographic, agricultural and mining wealth, and its strategic location within the main roads and transit routes.

France has well understood this importance, and this is why it has consolidated its presence and the presence of European investors and miners installed in the sheikh, through an alliance with the most powerful family, the sultan family.

the transformations of the institution of the sheikh merge with the transformation of local and international political circumstances, in particular with France's capacity to understand the country and the development of its capacity to control monitor and punish.

in this article, she explains the evolution of techniques for constructing the status of the sheikh during the colonial period.

it was first based on material, real estate, animal and family wealth.

with the concern of certain candidates to take advantage of the events of the first and second world wars, to underline and enhance their participation in the French war effort, in particular their presentation of medals and decorations for their efforts.

these methods changed after world war ii, with the emergence of modern education, the national movement, and the emergence of parties.

the profession of sheikh preserved the importance of the possession by the sheikh of a revolution, an important real estate balance, and a family heritage with ancient memory, but the nomination was in favor of those who mastered the new methods linguistic : understanding and mastering partisan political life, balancing the national movement and enjoying a level of education, in particular mastering the French language.