العلاقة مع المخالف في وثيقة مكة المكرمة في ضوء وثيقة المدينة المنورة : دراسة وصفية مقارنة

الملخص EN

This research deals with the relationship with the Opposer in holly Makkah document, by referring to medina al-Munawwarah document as it is said in true Sunnah of the prophet, as well as proven by righteous ancestors, may Allah-the almighty-be pleased with them, for its importance in relation to the Opposers of the treaties and agreements made by prophet Muhammad, may the blessings of Allah be upon him ; they are application models of the principles and rulings of Islam showing how to build a proper approach to the relationship with Muslim and non-Muslim Opposers based on equality and justice.

the researcher has collected in this research evidences and statements related to this issue by Muslim scholars, researchers, and Muslim and non-Muslim intellectuals.

he tackled the nature of the relationship with the Opposer in terms of principles, general controls, and ways to save that relationship from what may harm it.

the researcher has come up with findings in this case, including, the relationship with the Opposer in Islam has dimensions that are not only determined in the Opposer himself ; but go beyond him to his society, so taking care of him is taking care of the society of the Opposer, and the Muslim society in general.

the concept of the relationship with the Opposer tends to preserve the rights of the Opposer in citizenship, and living with dignity through the development of mechanisms and controls based on the principles and values of Islam ; and determined by the temporal and spatial conditions of society by formulating these determinants in the form of binding laws in contracts and treaties that are concluded between Muslims and non-Muslims in the same society.