المقومات الطبيعية و الاجتماعية لتنمية السياحة البيئية المستدامة في مملكة البحرين : دراسة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

الملخص EN

Ecotourism is one of the most important types and tourism activities produced in the world, because of its ingredients that have made it top of the list of tourist patterns, as it is a clean tourism that directly contributes to the preservation of natural sites and their survival in an environmentally sustainable state, and to invest them optimally for the communities and parties contributing to the tourism process for great benefit and profit.

the importance of ecotourism, as it has a positive impact on many aspects, including economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects, lies through sustainable development, enhanced rates of economic growth, higher income levels and increased community revenues, as well as an important basis for preserving the physical and moral cultural heritage of society, where tourism is generally seen as a bridge between peoples and their civilizations and the achievement of openness and dialogue between different cultures and human races.

the study aims to highlight the kingdom of Bahrain and identify the most important elements of attracting natural, social and various tourism activities such as nature reserves, coasts and natural islands, which contribute to the development of the ecotourism sector, as well as archaeological sites and cultural diversity of the community that characterized the kingdom, which provides tourists with ample space to practice activities and events related to environmental tourism.

it also sought to identify the general background and trends in the ecotourism sector in Bahrain, to determine the appropriateness of services with the infrastructure supporting the activity of ecotourism, to identify the challenges facing environmental tourism development, to assess the situation of ecotourism in the kingdom of Bahrain and to reveal the kingdom's trends towards the sustainability of natural ingredients to follow the mechanisms of promoting ecotourism in the kingdom, especially the trend towards ecotourism and highlight the role of GIS technologies in addressing the subject of ecotourism.

the results of the field study, the most prominent of which was the following : geographical location came first in terms of its effectiveness, for the three samples of the public, experts and tourist offices, and the overall average of the variable as a whole was 3.47 and a standard deviation of 0.0 98.

this demonstrates the importance of geographical location as one of the components of ecotourism for the natural element, while the natural islands came second among the three samples of the public, experts and tourist offices, and this indicates the importance of natural islands to demonstrate the effectiveness of the contribution of the natural element to the development of sustainable ecotourism.

eyes and groundwater also ranked last for the three samples of the public, experts and tourist offices, to indicate that these tourist sites are not effective in contributing to the development of ecotourism according to the sample's opinions.

infrastructure ranked first among the three samples of the public, experts and tourism offices, which is to indicate that the infrastructure is one of the most important pillars of the human "social" element in the development of sustainable ecotourism in the kingdom of Bahrain.

the study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: the exploitation of some islands in tourism activities and their development of tourist attractions further, and work to establish bridges to link them with the mother island "Bahrain", and from the islands and reserves of Mushtan island and Hawar islands, which have a promising tourism future, the need to plan interactively at the level national and local according to the requirements, work on coordination and reduce overlap in tasks and specialties and support coordination and cooperation of decision makers in the higher authorities of the kingdom.