الاتجاهات النظرية المفسرة للسلامة و الصحة المهنية

الملخص EN

Occupational safety and health management is one of the important issues, as it affects a large segment of the Egyptian society, including children, youth and adults.

it is concerned with maintaining the main production elements, mainly the human being inside and outside the institution, as well as raw materials, equipment, production tools, and the environment surrounding the human being as water, air and others.

this justifies the importance of studying and monitoring this phenomenon and identifying its social and economic dimensions in order to develop appropriate strategies for its good management.

This study was based on the descriptive and comparative approach, aiming at studying the theoretical trends that explain occupational safety and health in three axes : psychological theoretical trends, physical trends, and sociological theoretical trends.

the first axis of the study deals with the utilization of medical and engineering sciences with the aim of revealing the factors that threaten the health and safety of workers in their workplaces which may have a negative impact on the nature of work.

medical side concerns with the bad effect of raw industrial materials.

Engineering trends are concerned with effects to the safety of workers of risk of injuries from machinery and the like.

this includes the theory of the tendency to target accidents, the theory of freedom, purpose and vigilance, then the theory of stress and adaptation.

while the second axis deals with the sociological theoretical trends, and the most important theories in this axis are Maslow's human motivation theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, Fayol's administrative organization theory and human theories.

the picture was completed in the third axis, which deals with the interpreting physical trends of occupational safety and health, reviewing the explanatory scientific theories, including the fatalistic theory, medical theory, psychoanalytic theory and experimental psychology theory.

from the above brief , it is clear that scientific theories are the best way to study and explain the phenomenon and determine its social and economic dimensions as an entry point for preparing and developing the regulatory strategy for its rational management minimizing its effects to an acceptable minimum.