الدولة و المجتمع المدني في الفكر السياسي الحديث : (توماس هوبز، جون لوك، امانويل كانط، فريدريك هيغل)‎

الملخص EN

This study aims at scrutinising the problematic relationship between state and civil society in classical political thought, by analyzing the ideas of some thinkers who have presented the theories on this relationship, and displaying its intersections.

In this context, the study worked on three models through different historical periods.

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke In the 17th century, defined civil society as authority over men who initially met through a contractual social arrangement, This social contract enables men to transfer their natural powers into the political powers of the civil society for peace, security and the realization of collective interests.

In the 18th century, Emmanuel Kant linked the state to the enlightening use of the reason by individuals in the public sphere, which allows the emergence of a state of right and law, which is based on a representative parliamentary system.

In the 19th century, According to G, W, Friedrich Hegel, The state as the actuality of the substantial will, is that which is-and-of-itself rational and As the highest epitome of freedom, it submerged civil society and made it subservient to its ends, this incorporation of civil society did not, however, reduce its salience as an intermediate sphere between the household and the state.

key words: State, civil society, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Emmanuel Kant, Friedrich Hegel,