الثورة العلمية في العصر الحديث: العقل العلمي التجريبي في مواجهة الكنيسة وأرسطو

الملخص EN

If we accepted the proposition of Thomas Kohen (1922-1996), the development of science is often associated with revolution.

and revolution in science-as it is in all fields-does not occur unless situations reach a level of crisis.

the intellectual situation worsened in Europe before the sixteenth century, this result of the epistemic dominated of Aristotelian thought, and dominated of Christian-Catholico thought politically and morally, and its inability to keep pace with the development of experimental natural science after the transition from a philosophy of nature to a science of nature.

this shift has made great interest in machanic science and its experimental applications with the aim of achieving human dominat over nature, it has been shown that achieving this dominat over nature and extending human mastery over it is not materialized by reference to the writings of Aristotle or to the texts of the bible, rather, by going back to nature itself and looking at the physical causes of change.

from here, European scholars and thinkers began to free themselves from the teachings of Aristotle and the strict teachings of the catholic church, and getting closer to nature to study it and understand its secrets ...

and this revolutionary transformation is what has been known in the literature of the philosophy of science as the "scientific revolution".

our research will be an account of this scientific revolution that took place in Europe during the sixth and seventeenth centuries AD and that lasted until the end of the nineteenth century, and through it we will show the revolution of the experimental scientific mind on the Greek heritage (Aristotle's logic) and the teachings of the church that placed a stone on thought.