تقييم الآثار البيئية المحتملة لإنشاء السدة على مجرى نهر شط العرب

الملخص EN

To counteract the high concentration of salinity in the waters of Shatt Al-Arab River, a cut-off dam was proposed in three locations, namely Ras Al-Bishah, Abu Flus and the Ktaiban site.

The current study aims to reveal the different environmental impacts of the dam in these three sites before its implementation, in order to reduce those effects and choose the best sites.

The study revealed that the dam at the Ras Al Bishah site will create major changes in all the hydrological characteristics of the river, including the elimination of the phenomenon of tides, and the construction of the dam in Abi Floss and Kitiban will deprive the river course of the water releases of the Karun River.

It is possible that the impact of human pollutants sources at the Ktaiban site is limited compared to the sites of Ras Al-Bishah and Abu Flus.

The impact of ground water can be significant on the quality of the river water reserved in front of the dam when the dam is constructed at Ras Al Bisha site, while the effect of ground water decreases when the two sites are chosen.

The construction of a dam at the site of Katiban could contribute to an increase in the concentration of dissolved salts in the river water behind the dam, which would negatively affect the residents of the city of Basra and the foundations of engineering construction and economic activities.

The construction of the dam at Ras Al-Bishah site or the Abu Flous site will negatively affect the river navigation compared to the Ktaiban site.

The construction of the dam in all the elected sites will reduce the energy of the river to carry sediments, so the currents and sea waves in the Arabian Gulf will sculpt and demolish the coastal area, which will cause Iraq to lose an area of vital space in the regional waters.