البدايات السياسية و الفكرية لتروتسكي و نشاطه الماركسي المبكر حتى المؤتمر الثاني للحزب العمال الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الروسي (1903)‎

الملخص EN

The research deals with a pivotal figure in the history of Tsarist Russia (1547-1917) and Soviet Russia (1917-1922) and the beginnings of the formation of the Soviet Union in late 1922, namely Leon Trotsky (1879-1940), who is considered a theorist, author, historian, politician, journalist and a prominent Marxist orator.

the research focuses on Trotsky's upbringing, his social environment, and the beginnings of his political and intellectual formation, where he adopted Narodnik (populist) thought.

intellectually and politically, he was able to escape to Europe to be close to the prominent leaders of Russian Social Democracy, such as Plekhanov and Lenin, and began in Europe his agitational Marxist rhetorical activity.

the research concludes with the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903 as a pivotal point because it recorded the split in Russian Social Democracy into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.