التحول المعرفي في العلاقات الدولية بين نظرية توازن القوى و نظرية توازن التهديد : ستيفن والت أنموذجا

الملخص EN

The pioneering modern realists declared unreservedly the importance of power in international politics and the desire of all countries to maximize their solid power structures.

most of the neo realists have softened this claim (somewhat) in recent years, given that some countries are seeking to maximize security rather than force where the state can increase its strength and security.

in addition, at the systemic level, alliances are the same mechanism of balance of power, a central component of realist theory.

therefore, an accurate prediction of formation alliances is a critical test of realism.

in this area of international politics, i'll examine the predictions of threat equilibrium theory, and first i'll discuss a quasi-realist approach to understanding alliance behavior before developing neorealism and an alternative realistic interpretation of alliance behavior, and threat equilibrium.

the last of these has been shown to be preferred as an explanation for small power behavior and is the empirical focus of the balance of threat test vs balance of power theory, alliance theories and balance of threats an alliance is a formal or informal cooperation agreement between two or more states aimed at enhancing the national security of the participating states.

once nations realize that they cannot achieve national security on their own, they form alliances in an effort to add to their capabilities and those of their allies.

therefore, avoiding the source of the external threat is the main goal of states in a chaotic international system.

this means that states seek alliances when they are under threat and in need of security.

alliances were formed to respond to the threats in this basic text, Watlz developed the theory of structural realism, which sees chaos as the main driver of conflict, because with no higher power states must rely on self-help.

he developed a theory of balance of power, arguing that states would automatically form balances of forces against more powerful states, and that the main difference that would occur would be between bipolar (power concentrated in two great powers) or multipolar systems (power concentrated in three or more great powers), with stable priority and equilibrium is something that self-interested states engage in to check the power maximizing ambitions of their peers.