صورة الأقليات الدينية في كتابات الأوربيين ابان العهد العثماني مصر و العراق إنموذجا

الملخص EN

Religious minorities formed an important part of Arab societies, living side by side with their Muslim compatriots who made up the majority to produce a cohesive society.

hence, we aim to study the image of religious minorities in the writings of Europeans in the ottoman era in both Iraq and Egypt.

the importance of the study stems from the fact that the ruling ottoman authority remained a purely political authority.

the ottoman sultans remained far from bringing about real changes in the structure of the ottoman and Arab society, which generated social divergence that consequently led to alienation and hostility, which resulted in an increase in the gap between the ruler and the ruled, and the role of the ottoman state was limited as the highest ruling authority to protect its property from its enemies, especially Europe, which began to appear as a destabilizing force in all its states, including Iraq and Egypt.

European travelers and politicians continued until the end of the ottoman era in 1918.