دور الاعتمادات المستندية الصادرة من القطاع المصرفي العراقي في تمويل التجارة الخارجية "الاستيرادات" للمدة (2004-2018)‎

الملخص EN

Documentary credits are one of the most important forms of bank credit and one of the instruments of pledge credit, as banks provide them in service to their customers, and the importance of this process becomes increasingly more and more in the field of foreign trade "the import side" as a tool that combines banking service and financing business as one of the common means in the field of banking, as well as its superior ability to reduce the problems and obstacles encountered by the trade parties from foreign exporters and local importers by securing their interests and facilitating trade exchange, as the Iraqi economy depends on importing from abroad to meet the needs of local demand.

the research aims to show the role and importance of documentary credits and the extent of their contribution to foreign trade financing, "the import side" it provides protection and awareness to all parties to the commercial process, based on the assumption that there is a positive effect of documentary credits as a tool for pledge credit on foreign trade " the import side", as it was measured the effect of documentary credits on foreign trade "the import side" for the period (2004-2018) by adopting the standard method through the use of program (SPSS vr.20).

a set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: documentary credits are a historical and traditional way to finance international trade.

such a long history has led to allowing it as the lifeblood of international trade and thus contributes to raising the status of the Iraqi banking sector by expanding its international network of operations with other regional banks and international, in addition to the existence of a positive impact relationship of documentary credits on foreign trade "the import side", as the change in the issuance of documentary credits by one unit leads to a change in "imports" by (1.27) units the research also came out with a set of recommendations, including: the need for the central bank to study the reality of documentary credits issued by the Iraqi banking sector in order to know the obstacles facing this tool and to benefit from the results of the study in developing appropriate solutions, as well as expanding the scope of work with the technique of documentary credits due to the universality of this tool and the large revenues it provides and flexibility in dealing, in addition to its types that are consistent with data that suit the financial situation of the Iraqi importer, by working to educate and encourage importers to prefer documentary credit compared to financial transfer as a means of financing their imports by reducing the commission and the insurances they charges.