بلاد ما وراء النهر في كتاب معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي (ت 626 ه 1229 م)‎: دراسة تاريخية تحليلية

الملخص EN

Ruby dealt with in his dictionary a number of Islamic countries, including the country beyond the river that was chosen to study due to its geographical and historical importance and the absence of a study about it through the dictionary.

ruby wrote about the country beyond the river in a separate location according to the alphabetical order of the book, and provided geographical information and aspects political and civilizational value for those countries.

our study in this research will be limited to four axes, the first: a brief summary of the ruby of Hami and his book glossary of countries, the second axis: a definition of the country beyond the river and its states, and the third axis : historical and cultural material on the country beyond the river, and finally a critique of its information and sources and the most important thing taken on it.

our aim in this research is not to list everything related to the country beyond the river and to transmit it literally as it was mentioned by rubies, but rather to highlight a set of evidence that shows how this region was photographed with an analysis of the urban materials contained in the dictionary.