الصناعة المعجمية لدى الجغرافيين العرب القدامى: دراسة في أسس تلك الصناعة ونشأتها وتطورها

الملخص EN

This research is concerned with studying the movement of lexicographic authorship of Arab geographers, it is a type of specialized dictionaries, which the attention of the ancient Arabs was drawn to in period, may be a relatively late in the history of Arab lexical thought.

this research studies, examines and analyses a number of these dictionaries with a view to revealing the industry's feature, indicating the foundations on which these dictionaries are based, their formulating of geographical lexical definition and it's features, and demonstrating the advantages and weaknesses of those dictionaries.

this study is based on an introduction, following by theoretical aspect, which mentions a number of points: the beginning of lexical authorship, nations that preceded Arabs to the lexical industry, the features of lexical industry of Arabs (lexical schools), the geographical authorship of Arabs, and then the applied aspect that begins with an introduction about the dictionaries of places and countries.

it is followed by the study of a number of gazetteers through dividing the stages of lexical-geographical industry into five phases: the first stage is the stage of harbingers-the pre-5th century Hijri-it is considered as an introduction to the geographical lexicon industry.

the second stage is the preparation of the first gazetteer (geographical dictionary) in the fifth century Hijri "Muʿǧam mā staʿǧam" by Abū ʿUbaid al-Bakrī, as it is emphasized by many researchers.

by his following to the alphabetical order, the lexicon began to enter the lexicon's applied image.

the third phase is the one that came after the al-Bakrī's gazetteer and followed the same order, it is a phase between the al-Bakris gazetteer and Yaqut al-Hamawi's gazetteer.

in this phase the research studies a number of gazetteers: "Kitab alJibal Wal'amkinat Walmiah= the book of mountains, places and water" by Az-Zamakhshari, "Kitab al'Amkinat Walmiah Waljibal Waluathar Wanahwiha alMadhkurat fi al'Akhbar Wal'ashear= the book of places, water, mountains and monuments, etc mentioned in the news and poetry" by Nasr al-Iskandari.

as for the fourth phase, the gazetteers reached their peak with the authorship of “Muejam alBuldan= dictionary of countries” by Yaqut al-Hamawi, as many researchers consider it as the best gazetteer.

as for the fifth phase, it is the one that followed the Yaqut's gazetteer, in which many other gazetteers appeared, and in which the research study a number of dictionaries as: "Aathar al-Bilad Wa Akhbar al-Ibad= antiquities of the country and news of the people" by al-Qazwini," alMaghanim alMutabat fi maealim tabat= the good spoils about Tabah's highlights" by al-Fayrouzabadi.

and "al-Rawd al-Mu'ttar fi Khabar al-Aqtar= the most perfumed orchard in the country's news " by al-Himyari, and " alTuhfat alSuniyat Fi 'Asma' alBilad alMisria = the luminous masterpiece in the names of Egyptian countries" by ibn al-Jia'an.

this was followed by a discussion and a comparison of what was stated in those gazetteers through the following points: the purpose of preparing that kind of dictionaries, the formulation of the lexical geographical definition, and the amount of benefit of those gazetteers.

this is followed by the conclusion, concludes the most important points and results of the research, followed by the references.