نشأة وتطور الكتابة والأبجدية في مصر القديمة وأثره على الشرق الأدنى القديم

الملخص EN

Ancient Egyptian language is the oldest known, and the most continuous; recent discoveries have shown the existence of Egyptian hieroglyphs (as a complete and understandable text) since 3250 DC; and the last Coptic texts (the last phase of Egyptian writing) were found in the eighteenth-century AD.

it is one language continuous without interruption or transformation for five thousand years, which enables us to study and trace its evolution.

ancient Egyptians presented to mankind several important inventions, the most important and most influential is the invention of writing and the alphabet, it was the turning point in all human civilization.

this paper aims to highlight the identification of the beginning of the invention of writing.

address the problem of the primacy of the emergence of writing in the ancient near east, showing the influences among them.

the researcher followed the comparative analytical descriptive method in presenting and analyzing the problems of this study in accordance with the historical method.