الحلة في عهد داود باشا 1817-1831 : دراسة تاريخية

الملخص EN

The public states in Hilla in the Dawood's era were not more different than its states in Al- Mamalee;'s era who ruled from the half of eighteenth century till the end of Dawood's era in the beginning of the third of the eighteenth century.

Hilla society remained conservative on its inhented habits and traditions a thoughit received social influences from many sides to change its social culture , especially from Al-Othmaneen and Persian , yet it was not influenced by any foreign and social intrudent and the reverse is the correct in the sense that the fereign groups were merged into Arab Hilla.It is known that Hilla society consists of individuals of country side and individuals of city and each has its own social environment in which we can find differences between the two sides.

The countryside is controlled by tribal traditions, while the city has many cultures but the most important is the Islamic current as the religious men have big effect on Hilla people.As for the economics of the city, it was good in compaeison with other cities in Iraq.

The location of city on the Euphrates, the existence of water, the fertiled land and the existence of inherited industry , all these helped the growth of Hilla trade which result in that Hilla traders become mediators between Basrah and Baghdad so their trade reached India in the east and Europe in the west.

Their trade included different materials such as agricultural, animal , industrial , the brick of Babylon and its expensive ruins, etc.The political side was clear through the tens of historical sources about this period.

Al-Mamaleek, such as Dawood, their worry was the obligation of stability by force and the collection of taxes, especially of the rebel tribes in which Al-Khazael, Zubaid and E'niza etc.

come in the beginning.

This required continued military movements to restrain the tribes rebels of middle Euphrates which result in unstability in the region and this finally negatively influenced all the aspects of the life in Hilla, economic , social and mental.In this respect we emphasize that Hilla society and Iraqi society in general was live society and active with its environment, it is not liveless or as some sources mentioned that it lived in a dark period.

In the political side, it was active through continued tribes revolutions or the revolution of Hilla people in 1824.

concerning the commercial activity, the Hilla traders occupied distinctive prestige among Iraqi traders.

As for thought, Hilla scientists and poets had distinctive prestige among Iraqi thinkers during the research period.Finally this historical research about Hilla is one of series of researches about the city and its environment to indicate its general reality in the Othman era and the subsequent eras.

If I correct, this is what I wish.

If another, I did my best and followed and my success is just by God, the highest and the most able.