ملامح المقالة الموضوعية في كتاب المقابسات لأبي حيان التوحيدي

الملخص EN

has been a common prosaic art due to its treating many issues and subjects in a clear style and a less than or more than a page in which the essayist delivers his message and purpose to the public and the particular people , aiming at his social , scientific, literary, political or philosophical goal.

The study explains that the elements of the objective essay and its features are evident in Al Muqabasat by Al Tauhidy (d.

380 A.

H.) even though scholars agree that the French writer Montain (1533- 1592)is the first writer of autobiographical essay.

It employs the analytical method and makes extracts from many source, the prominent ones include: Al Muqabassat by Abi Hayan Al Tauhidy authenticated by Hasan As Sandubi, , Abu Hayan Al Tauhidy by Dr.

Ahmed Muhammed Al Hufi, Abu Hayan Al Tauhidy: Biography and Heritage by Abdul Razzaq Muhiddin, and Apology for Literary Essay by Dr.

Faiq Hasan.

The research plan falls into an introduction and two sections.

The introduction tackles the concept of essay and Al Tauhidy's Biography.

The first section is devoted to the study of the subjects trends in the book, Al Muqabasat, such as the philosophical trend, the moral trend, the religious, the critical and the political one.

As for the second section, it tackles the artistic features of essay in Al Muqabasat like the topic, presentation, conclusion, narrative styles, rhetorical arts and modes of expression.

The features or elements of the objective essay are evident in the book.

Besides, the term of essay still lacks precision as it is explained in the introduction.