كفالة حقوق الأقلية اليهودية في صحيفة المديتة

الملخص EN

The relationship between Islam and minorities is considered as of utmost importance, particularly the relationship between Muslims and Jewish in the Arab peninsula during the Prophet time.

The Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) inherited a varied community after his immigration to Al Madina.

It was composed of Arabs and Jews who belong to different tribes.

As for the Arabs they live in their original homeland but the Jews have migrated to the Arab peninsula for different reasons.

We have to notice that the Jews have chosen Yathrib (Al Madina) to be the final distinction of their immigration for specific reasons in the same way as the Aous and Khazraj tribes.

It has also become homeland of the new religion (Islam) and its followers after the immigration of the Prophet (PBUH).

This indicates that Yathrib was a favourite area for human residence in ancient times.

The population variety began to develop and become more complex and it includes : Aous and Khazraj from the Ansar; the Jew (Banu Gainugaa, Banu Guraiza, Banu Nadeer) and those who have joined them among the immigrants.

Due to this population development, Al Madina is composed of believers, Jews and polytheists.

This renders the Jews as a minority that requires an essential processing for their situation in order to sustain and maintain their social duties and right in the community.

The outcome of this is what is known among historians as the Al Madina charter (or Al Madina document) which includes an agreement that guarantees the rights and social solidarity with other members of community and also the relationship between the followers (Ansar) and the immigrants.

So this paper is going to explore the nature of this charter (Al Madina charter).