دور التقانات الجزيئية في رسم الخرائط الوراثية و تقدير التباعد الوراثي و البصمة الوراثية

الملخص EN

The study of morpho-agronomic characters for evaluation the genetic diversity and assesses the traits that are related to the yield and used in the different programs of breeding, are classical way for breeders.

The development of bimolecular science, especially with the techniques of markers, molecular DNA sequencing and data analysis leads to replace the old approaches by these techniques.

The advanced in PCR technique principally, leads to powerful the rest techniques which can be used for screening characterization and evaluation of genetic diversity like RFLP, RAPD SSLP, STS, SSR, DAF, AFLP, RPCP and Real time PCR, ....etc.

Each technique has some merit and negativism, therefore, screening of genetic markers is an important to get the required result, and based on the survey of genetic diversity within and among populations.

Genetic markers, which can obtained from Genomic library or DNA Databases, should be rapidly, safely, easy scored, full hybridization with probes, negligible effects on plant growth, in expensive scored and has the ability to produce high polymorphic fragments.

The objective of this report is to identify the genetic markers and highlighted them role in genetic mapping, genetic diversity and fingerprinting but we should realize that the advances in this field so far and so varied.