كفاءة مستخلص أوراق نبات الحناء و بعض المبيدات الفطرية في تقليل التلوث الفطري في مزارع أنسجة نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L.

الملخص EN

This study was included to identify the fungal contamination associated with callus tissue culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and the attempt to find the fittest methods to decrease it.

The isolation and identification results of fungi explained the isolation of ten fungal genera.

The fungus Asperillus niger recorded the highest percentage of frequency which was 16.8%, followed by Penicillium sp.1, while the frequency percentages 10,8,7 and 5% were recorded in Alternaria alternata ; Epicoccum sp.; Trichoderma harzianum and Nigrospora sp., respectively.

The results proved the high antifungal activity of ethanolic Henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves extracts on the radial growth inhibitory percentage which was 85.15%, with significant difference than Methanolic extract (53.16%).

The extract concentration 1% recorded the highest percentage of inhibition (81.10%), also the results showed the failure grow of Epicoccum sp.

and Nigrospora sp.

on the liquid media (PD Broth) which treated with ethanolic extract concentrations 0.5 and 1%.

The lowest inhibition percentage (65.15%) of dry growth was recorded in T.

harzianum at concentration 0.5%.

The results of fungicides (Benlate; Beltanol and Cryptanol) survey elucidated the high inhibitory efficiency of Benlate (1gm/L), which led to inhibite the growth of contaminated fungi on solid and liquid media completely.

The results revealed that the fungicides Benlate (1gm/L) had no effect on the studied parameters of embryogenic callus of date palm (Berhi and Ashkar cv.).

The results of fresh, dry weight of embryogenic callus and the number of somatic embryoes had no significant difference than control.

Also the treatment of Benlate led to decrease the percentage of fungal contamination which was 100% and reached 16.6% in Benlate, while the treatment of ethanolic Henna leaves extract (0.5 and 1%) had a negative effect on the growth of callus (Berhi and Ashkar cv.).

The fresh and dry weight of embryiogenic callus reduced significantly in the concentrations 0.5 and 1% in contrast with control treatment results.

The number of somatic embryoes was 4.16 in control, reduced significantly and reached 0.66 embryoes in conc.

0.5 and 1% of ethanolic extract.