تأثير نوع المنعمة و سرع و أعماق البذار في بعض المؤشرات الفنية و الاقتصادية و متطلبات القدرة للوحدة الميكنية

الملخص EN

The experiment was conducted in the fields of Agriculture College-University of Baghdad in 2009 in silt-clay loam soil in order to study the effect of Harrow type, speeds and depths of drill seeder on some economical, technical performance indicators and energy requirements for machinery unit.

The tractor "New Holland" and the drill seeding “Stegested” were used as a machinery unit with two Harrow types .The study consists of three factors included: first factor was Harrow Type with two levels included Rotary Harrow and Spring Spike tooth Harrow which represented the main plots, second factor was drill seeding speeds with three levels included 6.28, 7.61, and 11.43 km/h which represented the sub-plots and the third factor was three drill seeding depths included 3, 6 and 9 cm which represented the sub- sub plots.

Some technical performance indicators for machinery unit were studied in this study.

Effective field capacity, fuel consumption per unit area as well as calculating the total operation costs and energy requirements for machinery unit.

Some technical performance indicators for machinery unit were studied which include : effective field capacity and fuel consumption per unit area, as well as calculating the total operation costs and energy requirements for the machinery unit.

The experiment was carried out by using split split-plot with complete randomized block design in three replicates.

The results showed that drill seeder after Spring spike tooth harrow was superior on drill seeder after Rotary harrow in giving higher rate of effective field capacity (0.823 ha/h) and lower rate of fuel consumption per unit area (10.193 l/ha) and lower rate of total operation costs for machinery unit (18322 id/ha) {id=iraqi dinar} with lower rate of energy requirements for machinery unit (36.870 kw.h/ha).

The third speed of Sowing (11.43 km/h) was superior on other sowing speeds in giving higher rate of effective field capacity (1.080 ha/h) and lower rate of fuel consumption per unit area (8.111 l/ha) and lower rate of total operation costs for machinery unit (13593 id/ha) with lower rate of energy requirements for machinery unit (29.399 kw.h/ha).

The first depth of sowing (3) cm was superior on other sowing depths in giving higher rate of effective field capacity (0.865 ha/h) and lower rate of fuel consumption per unit area (8.830 l/ha) and lower rate of total operation costs for machinery unit (16720 id/ha with lower rate of energy requirements for machinery unit (30.34 kw.h/ha).

As for the bilateral and trilateral overlaps between treatments were significant effects for all parameters.

We conclude that using the seeder after Spring Spike Teeth Harrow, increasing in sowing speed and decreasing sowing depth, all lead to specific increasing in effective field capacity and specific decreasing in fuel consumption per unit area, total operate costs and energy requirement for machinery unit.

There for, we recommend using the seeder at the third sowing speed and first sowing depth after harrowing by using the Spring Spike Teeth Harrow which gave the best indications foe technical, economical and energy requirement for machinery unit.