المانع من تقديم الدليل الكتابي أو (فقدان السند بسبب لا دخل لإرادة صاحبه فيه)‎

الملخص EN

In some Legal act, the contractor may obtain a written document and then some external Force lead, without his own Fault, to lose his written document.

In order to prevent the closing of the contractor s Legal right enshrined in the document, some Legal schools, including the Iraqi legal system, permit to such contractor to proof the legal act by testimony or judicial presumption.

This rule does not apply to the creditor but the debtor as wall.