المحكمات في الشريعة الإسلامية و أثارها في وحدة الأمة و حفظ المجتمع

الملخص EN

This research is about the perfect fundamentals (Muhkamat) of the (Sharia'a) with the objectives to explain their role in keeping the five essential elements in life: Religion, Selfmind, Behaviour and Property.

This is to be achieved by studying what the famous four theologians have said about the perfect fundamentals.

I have tried to explain and clarify the aims and characteristics of these fundamentals.

I have supported that with practical study to show the effect of the (Muhkamat) regarding the unity of the nation and the society.

The subject is divided into three chapters and an introduction.

The introduction is about the characteristics of the Sharia a.

The first chapter is on the meaning of the terminology (Muhkam) according to the four famour schools of Islam.

In the second chapter I cited some practical examples of (Mukhamat) to show their characteristics and the arguments supporting that.

The third chapter is on the effect of the (Muhkamat) in the unity of the nation (Umma) and society.

This is followed by a conclusion and a bibliography.

The first chapter shows that the term (Muhkam) means some thing which is accpeted by all.

In language the perfect building is the one which cannot be destroyed.

It is the characteristic of every word or idea.

The perfect verses in the (Quran) are the fundamentals of Islam about the whole life in every respect.

It is said in the Quran: the book included perfect verses which are the fundamentals of the book.

The terminology is also used for the traditions of the prophet.

The (Muhkam) is what stands by itself and needs no explanation.

We mean by (Muhkamat) some thing that is well founded and quite clear.

The Muhkam is the orginal and the reference for the society and for the argument to dispute unblievers The third chapter is a critical studv of the effect of the (Muhkamat) in the unity of the nation and the society.

Conclusion: The conclusion of the subject could be summarized in seven points: 1 - The terminology (Muhkamat) in the Sharia'a means many things.

This explains the différent meanings that the teared have given this term.

2- The embracing meaning of Muhkam with ail its characteristics is that fundamental which stands by itself and needs no explanation.

3- The characteristics of (Muhkamat) are that they are evidences, fundamentals and reference for ail arguments against the unblievers.

4- The Muhkamat embrace the individual and the society from ail sides and practising them will achieve the objectives of the Sharia’a.

5- The Muhkamat are a common subject directing the study of especial subjects.

Therefore ail should know and practice for the realization of the Sharia'a.

6The Muhkamat are the origin and the foundation of the unity of the nation and the safe guard against différences.

7- The Muhkamat are the foundation for the realization of the Sharia'a.

They are the arguments against the enemies and the doubt among others.

Ail diffences which may spring out should not be taken as foundation for teaching and discipline.

Ail teachers should guard against such ways that may contradict those Muhkamat or cause doubt among common people.

For contradicting the Muhkamat will lead people away from the truth which is against the Sharia’a and the unity of the nation and the society.