تأثير عقار اليكولشسن و المستخلص المائي لبذور نبات الحرمل على استحثاث الشذوذ الكروموسومي و الطفرات الوراثية في نبات البازلاء

الملخص EN

In late time, uses of flowering plant extraction has been noted in public medicine because of their clear roles to modify mutagens activity.

Both Colchicum autumnale and Peganum harmala are wild type plants and they had widely uses in many medicine purposes.

This plant earned good reputation during the old testaments as an important source for drugs.

Some research studies indicate to that harmala and colchicines drug have harmful effect on chromosome behaviour, thus this study presented to find the basic information on this medicinal plants, in addition to give answer on an important question, do water extract of harmala seeds and colchicines drug have harmful effect on chromosome behaviour? And do both extractions are chemicals mutagens? Study carried out on pea's seed that soaked in colchicine solution and water extract of harmala seeds (individually) and at concentration of 0.05% for 24 hours.

Seeds left to grow for a month, reading for growth measurements recorded.

For slides preparation, Root tip of peas seed soaked in colchicine solution and water extraction of harmala seeds (0.05% individually) for 24 hour.

In the next day, root tip fixed for 24 hours in Carnoy's fixative then transferred to new fixative (96% ethanol) and store at 4°C.

Root tip were separated for slides preparation and to study the effect of colchicines and water extraction of harmala seeds on chromosome behaviour.

Chromosomes were Stained by Giemsa stain then examined by using microscopic lens (100X).

The result of this study illustrated that chromosome behaviours was abnormal in samples that soaked in water extract of harmala seeds at concentration of (0.05%), therefore, chromosome stickiness and unfolding chromosome (in prophase), stickiness, Disturbed and chromosome breakage (in matephase), stickiness anaphase, deleting in some genetic material and multiple nucleuses (in tetophase) has detected, also deformation in chromosome, change in position of the genetic material and deformation in morphological structure of divided cell were noticed.

Treatment of peas seed by water extract of harmala seeds at concentration of (0.05%) caused improvements in plant growth parameters thus abundance of root and early formation in tendril and leaves were seen when it compared with controlled plant.

colchicines drug at concentration 0.05% affected plant growth however total of plant length reduced significantly also mutation as dwarfing, Rosseting and tumor has been noticed.

In addition, deformation of cell and chromosome abnormality included chromosome stickiness and unfolding chromosome (in prophase), stickiness, Disturbed chromosome (in matephase), stickiness and chromosome bridge (in anaphase), Micronucleus and multiple nucleuses (in tetophase) has detected.

It could be recommended that care should be taken when using such a drug also it should be discard plants that treated with colchicines and water extract of harmala seeds in especial scrap places.