قياس الموسمية السياحية في الأردن باستخدام معامل جيني

الملخص EN

This study aims to measure tourism seasonality in Jordan by using Gini Coefficient between 2002-2010 with the exception of year 2005, first at the level of all tourists, and then on Arab and foreign tourists independently.

The study is based on data concerning the number of overnight tourists according to their nationality and month of coming during the year according to the statistics of MOTA.

It was found that tourism in Jordan does not suffer from sever seasonality because of the diversity of tourism markets that exporting tourists to Jordan; for example, Arab tourists are active in Summer time while foreign tourists are flourishing during Spring and Autumn.

The average of Gini Coefficient for all tourists during the study period was (0.16), which means that tourism in Jordan is characterized by the ideal distribution throughout the year as the literature in this field indicates that the acceptance value for Gini Coefficient should be less than (0.20).

The study also revealed that the year 2003 is the farthest from the ideal distribution at the level of all tourists irrespectively of their nationality.

This perhaps due to the concentration and the increase in Arab tourists in this year because of the restrictions on travel to Europe and American countries as well as the fearing of foreign tourists to come to Arab countries as a result of the events of 11 September 2001 and the Third Golf war and occupation of Iraq in 2003.

Despite the weakness of tourism seasonality in Jordan, most of tourism services such as hotels, tourist guides and travel agencies felt that there is seasonality in Summer time.

This is because the nature of the Arab tourists trips are different from those of foreign tourists concentrated in spring and autumn time.

For example, Arabs rarely use tourist guides because of language similarity, and rarely rely on tourist transportation as they use their own cars, as well as they prefer furnished apartments rather than hotels.