دراسة تأثير بعض طرائق الري في إنتاجية محصولين نجيليين اعتمادا على بعض المؤشرات الفيزيولوجية تحت ظروف منطقة مسكنة سورية

الملخص EN

In Syria, irrigation enables achieving a big, relatively stable increases of agricultural production.

But, expansion in irrigated cultures is paired with the availability of sufficient irrigation water.

The renewable water resources is considered to be limited compared with cultivable areas, this is why these resources should be optimized.

But practically, wasting of irrigation water is estimated by (40 to 60%).

It is imposssible to preserve irrigation water and increase its efficiency without improving irrigation systems, especially infield irrigation, and generalizing them, and applying them instead of traditional surface irrigation systems in ways suitable for every agricultural region in Syria, and developing technical and economic level of the Syrian farmer, and increasing the size of holdings.

Research aims to study applying on-farm sprinkler irrigation in Maskaneh (Al-Assad Establishment) on two cereals (wheat and barley), and compare it to flood surface irrigation method – which is applied by farmers of the studied area – and to study the adaptation of these varieties with climatic conditions in the study area, with keeping their productive capacity.

Our results showed that there were no significant differences in both the phisyological (plant height, leaf area ratio, photosynthesis ratio, relative growth ratio) and productive (spike no/m², grains/spike, spike weight, 1000 kernels weight, harvest index, grain and biologycal yields) indicators between the two irrigattion methods in the two seasons.

There were high significant differences in water use efficiency by means of seed yield when applying sprinkler irrigation method: In the first season,WUE In sprinkler irrigation treatment was 1.78 kg.m-³ for wheat, 1.18 kg.m-³ for barley whereas in flood irrigation, it was 0.88 kg.m-³, 0.6 kg.m-³ respectively.

In the second season, WUE In sprinkler irrigation treatment was 1.93 kg.m-³ for wheat, 1.47 kg.m-³ for barley whereas in flood irrigation, it was 1.32 kg.m-³, 1.02 kg.m-³ respectively.

This result is considered to be the most important result of this research because we achieved similar yields with both irrigation methods, but sprinkler irrigation method exceeded flood irrigation by means of irrigation water use efficiency for the two crops, and meanly saved 50% of irrigation water in the first season and 30% in the second.

Despite the importance of sprinkler irrigation technique in improving irrigation efficiency, and saving water, though, applying it is not practically possible, because the irrigation net is not suitable for modern irrrigation schemes in the study area.

The whole irrigation net must be rehabilitated to switch from traditional to modern irrigation schemes.